Klaus P. Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen, NL Arbeitstreffen „Hadronen und Kerne“, Pommersfelden, 26 September 2001 Standard Model Precision Experiment Fundamental Constants Related Experiments Interpretation Future Possibilities

QED - Contributions: Weak Interaction Corrections: a  (QED) = (2.9) * (Kinoshita 2000)  a  (weak) = 151(4) * (Kutho 1992, Degrassi 1998) 

QED - Contributions: Weak Interaction Corrections: a  (QED) = (2.9) * (Kinoshita 2000)  a  (weak) = 151(4) * (Kutho 1992, Degrassi 1998) 

minor error in calculations

The new measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly at the Brookhaven National Laboratory aims for 0.35 ppm relative accuracy. Why? We have in the listing of fundamental physical constants: electron magnetic anomaly (41) ( ppm) muon magnetic anomaly (64) x (0.55 ppm) Sensitivity to heavier objects larger by (m  /m e ) 2 

Hadronic Corrections for g  -2  a   hadr.,1 st order) = 6951(75)  (Davier, 1998)  a   hadr., higher order) = -101(6)  (Krause, 1996)  a   hadr., light on light) = -79(15)  (Hayakawa, 1998) !! Situation Spring 2001

Early “Shopping List”

The fixed probes 4 ppm Proton NMR

Electronics inside the trolley The NMR-Trolley 17 probes - Proton NMR in water

Electrostatic Quadrupole Electrodes NMR Trolley Rails Fixed NMR Probes Trolley NMR Probes Vacuum Vessel

positrons with E > 2GeV in 1999

Systematic Uncertainties, Results Magnetic Field  p,0 spherical probe 0.05 ppm  p (R,t i ) 17 trolley probes 0.22 ppm  p (R,t) 150 fixed probes 0.15 ppm  p (R) aging -  p (R I ) inflector fringe field 0.20 ppm <  p  muon distribution 0.12 ppm  total systematic uncertainty  p =0.4 ppm  Spin Precession Pileup 0.13 ppm AGS background 0.10 ppm Lost muons 0.10 ppm Timing Shifts 0.10 ppm E field and vertical CBO 0.08 ppm Binning and Fitting procedure 0.07 ppm Coherent Betatron Oscillations 0.05 ppm beam debunching 0.04 ppm Gain Instability 0.02 ppm total systematic uncertainty  a,sy = 0.25 ppm total statistical uncertainty  a,st = 1.25 ppm  p /2  = (25) Hz  a /2  = (0.3) Hz

QED mm  g-2 hadronic contribution weak contribution New Physics  + e -  HFS, n=1  QED corrections weak contribution  + e -  1S-2S m  QED corrections QED mm  , , g  h

a  = a m ca m c e  B = aa pp aa pp  pp - Experiment: Theory: * need  for muon ! * hadronic and weak corrections * various experimental sources of  better 100ppb>  need constants at very moderate *  no concern for (g-2)  accuracy *  a and B (  p ) measured in (g-2)  experiment * c is a defined quantity * m  (   ) is measured in muonium spectroscopy (hfs) NEW 1999 * e  is measured in muonium spectroscopy (1s -2s) NEW 1999 *  p in water known >> probe shape dependence *  3He to  p in water >> gas has no shape effect being improved

Muonium Hyperfine Structure Solenoid   e    in SS Detector MW-Resonator Yale - Heidelberg - Los Alamos  exp = (53) Hz ( 12 ppb)  theo = (520)(34)(<100) Hz(<120 ppb)    p = (39) (120 ppb) m   m e = (24) (120 ppb)   = (5 2) ( 39 ppb) W. Liu et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 711 (1999)

Muonium 1S-2S Experiment Laser Diagnostics   Detection -.25 R  1S 2S 244 nm Energy -R  0    e   kin   in  ee Target Mirror Heidelberg - Oxford - Rutherford - Sussex - Siberia - Yale  1s-2s = (9.1)(3.7) MHz  1s-2s = (1.4) MHz m    = (17) m e q     = [ (2.1) ] q e- exp theo V.Meyer et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 84, 1136 (2000)

2.6  deviation

Possible Explanations for  a  a  (exp) and a  (latest theory) differ by 42(16) * The probability for agreement is < 1% Statistical Fluctuation Undiscovered Error in Experiment (not recognized systematics) Not yet complete standard theory calculation (hadronic contribution) New Physics 4 times more data on tape & data for  - being taken

Courtesy of W. Kluge, Karlsruhe (Summer 2001) About 1 year’s data needed

Hadronic Corrections for g  -2  a   hadr.,1 st order) = 6951(75)  (Davier, 1998)  a   hadr., higher order) = -101(6)  (Krause, 1996)  a   hadr., light on light) = -79(15)  (Hayakawa, 1998) !! ??SIGN ??

Muon Magnetic Anomaly in Super Symmetric Models approximate rule :  a  SUSY  1.4    [ (100 GeV/c 2 ) /m g ] 2  tan  goal BNL 821: a  to 0.4   after: U. Chattopadyay and P. Nath, 1995 A t, m 0 vary over parameter space m 0 < 1TeV/c 2 no constraints from dark matter constraint through dark matter     w    w           k ~   k   k ~

Note: Even if there will be a difference between muon g-2 and theory established and unquestioned, it does not carry a tag about the nature of the difference! We will need further experiments then to learn more! Such as: - searches for rare muon decays - search for a muon edm

 e  appears in composite models if  a  as suggested

Concept works also for (certain) nuclei; GSI could start right now Exploit huge motional electric fields for relativistic particles in high magnetic fields; observe spin rotation EDM closely related to non standard anomaly in many models!

CERN Neutrino Factory baseline scenario (target muon budget) 4 MW 2.2ms/13.3ms 3.3  s (144b of 3ns) p/s  s =  yr  yr e  yr   yr e  yr   yr e  yr   yr (© A. Blondel) Similar Bright Possibilities at almost any High Power Proton Facility, e.g. - ESS - GSI (?) - JHF Don’t Mi(e)ss It! Future Possibilities

SPARES

Neutrino CERN Possibly Interesting experiments High Intensity Low Energy Muon Experiments (targets!) rare decays    e +     e     e + e  e + > Lepton number muonium - antimuonium conversion > Lepton number “normal” muon decay > G F muon magnetic anomaly > g-2, a  muon edm > d  muon parameters > m ,  ,  muonic atoms > r p, g p  CF Next Generation ISOLDE Experiments radioactive muonic atoms > r n, r p nuclear structure of short lived nucleids > r n, r p nuclear structure far off valley of stability > r n, r p muon capture Neutrino Experiments long baseline short baseline charm Production NC/CC > m w (10-20 MeV) and sin 2 q w eff ( ) Kaon Experiments ( >> 15 GeV postaccelerator ) K Jungmann 18-Apr-2001

Muon Experiments Possible at a CERN Neutrino Factory - Expected Improvements K Jungmann 18-Apr-2001

< < < < Muon Experiments possible at a CERN Neutrino Factory - Required Beam Parameters K Jungmann 18-Apr-2001