Historical Atomic Models ABC II B Ms. Pollock Spring 2007.

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Presentation transcript:

Historical Atomic Models ABC II B Ms. Pollock Spring 2007

Democritus

Democritus’s Theory of Atomic Structure n First to propose atomic theory n 400 BCE n Atoms “atomos” are indivisible. n Leads to Aristotle’s belief that matter is made of 4 elements – earth, air, water, and fire

John Dalton

Dalton’s Atomic Theory n 1806 published theory n English teacher and climatologist n Quaker n Discovered color blindness n Very careful, repeatable measurements

Dalton’s Atomic Theory n Elements made of tiny particles, called atoms n All atoms of given element identical n Elements of different atoms different from each other n Atoms combined to make compounds n Atoms not able to be created or divided; only recombined in a reaction

William Crookes

Crookes’ Tube n Developed cathode-ray tubes –Control of electron beam –Discovery of new particles inside atoms n Device used in televisions n Discovery of thallium and helium

Crookes Tube

J. J. Thomson

Thomson and the Atom n Plum Pudding Model n Discovered electron in 1897 n Found cathode rays would bend toward positive charge, so must be negative

Ernest Rutherford

Rutherford’s Contribution n Discovered large positive charge in center of atom n Gold foil experiment n Discovered proton n 1909

Niels Bohr

Bohr Models n Electrons orbiting nucleus in special orbits n Nucleus very small n 1913 n Electrons only found in certain places in the atom

Albert Einstein

Einstein n Much energy released from small amounts of matter n E = mc 2 n Aided in development of atomic bomb n Connection of many physics theories and beliefs through one formula

Max Planck

Planck n Father of quantum mechanics n Energy not continuous, released in quanta n Developed universal constant of energy n Calculated energy based on electromagnetic frequency and constant