Angiosperm Reproduction Bio 1400 Fa 2104

Major Evolutionary Advances Flowers mya 5,000 mya 4,000 mya 3,000 mya 2,000 mya 1,000 mya Earth Forms Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Multicellular Plants Vascular tissue Seeds Flowers Life - 3,800 mya Prokaryotic cell/autotrophic Eukaryotic cell - 1,400 mya Multicellar plants - 1,000 mya Vascular tissue mya Needed on land - why? Seeds mya Place on the time scale, the following events: 1. Earth 2. Prokaryotes 3. Eukaryotes 4. Multicellular life 5. Vascular tissue 6. Seeds 7. Flowers

Floral Series Calyx individual parts are sepals Corolla individual parts are petals Androecium individual parts are stamens filament, anther - produce pollen Gynoecium individual parts are carpels stigma – receives pollen (male gametophyte) style – place of pollen tube growth connects stigma to ovary ovary – produce ovules (female gametophyte) ripens into fruit

Sexual Reproduction Four events must occur for successful reproduction in angiosperms: 1.Pollination 2.Pollen grain growth to ovule 3.Successful fertilization 4.Successful seed development

Fertilization megagametophyte (female gametophyte) microgametophyte (male gametophyte) ovule

Fertilization Pollination: transfer of pollen grains from anther to pistil Pollen grain onto stigma Germination - tube cell produces pollen tube, generative cell divides to form 2 sperm cells Double Fertilization: 2 sperm enter embryo sac: 1 sperm fertilizes egg to form zygote other sperm fertilizes polar nuclei to form endosperm