Cell Structure & Function

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Shape = Function Nerve cell: Skin Cell: White blood cell:

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic – do not have membrane bound organelles (Unicellular) - no nucleus ex) bacteria Eukaryotic – contain membrane bound organelles (Multicellular) - HAS a nucleus ex) plant and animal cell

Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

Cell Parts Organelles

Cell Membrane Structure “what it looks like” Phospholipid bilayer

Functions of the Cell Membrane 1.Keeps things in 2.Keeps things out 3.Regulates what passes through * nutrients and food * gases * water

Location of cell membrane Found in plant AND animal cells

Ribosomes

Function of Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Made up of RNA Attached to ER (making proteins for another cell) Floating freely (making proteins for THAT cell)

Location of Ribosomes Found in plant AND animal cell

Nucleus

DNA and RNA are made Nuclear Pores – holes in the nuclear envelope which allow things to enter and leave the nucleus

Location of Nucleus Found in plant AND animal cell

Nucleolus

Center of the nucleus Where ribosomes are made

Location of Nucleolus Found in plant AND animal cell

Lysosome

Function of Lysosomes Organelles which contain the digestive enzymes of the cell used for recycling

Location of Lysosomes Found in plant AND animal cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Functions of the E.R R.E.R. –Holds the ribosomes –Stores proteins –Puts proteins in bubbles called vesicles to send them to other cells S.E.R. –Stores compounds such as lipids and carbohydrates –Detoxify poisons or toxins Membrane that is an extension from the nuclear envelope which creates a pathway for proteins.

Location Found in plant AND animal cell

Golgi Bodies/Apparatus

Gogli Apparatus Processing, packaging, secreting organelle of the cell “The Post Office” of the cell

Location Found in plant AND animal cell

Mitochondria

Mitochondria – POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL Converts food into energy (Function) Site of cellular respiration

Location Found in plant AND animal cell

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis Green – due to chlorophyll

Location Found in plant cells ONLY

Cell Wall

Thick outer covering surrounding the membrane Made of Cellulose Plant cells ONLY

Vacuoles

Fluid filled sac Function Stores extra nutrients and water Stores waste

Location Found in plant AND animal

Cytoplasm

Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Function Organelles float in it Contain the nutrients and chemicals of the cell

Cytoskeleton Protein framework of the cell Function: –Provides shape and support –Gives organelles something to attach to –Aids in movement –Aids in cell division