Documentation How to Cite Your Sources

Why Document Sources? Others can read source to get additional information. Demonstrate reliability of source (New York Times versus National Inquirer). Give recognition and credit to the author of the source.

American Psychological Association Determines acceptable publication guidelines for scientific articles, books, and websites. Publishes the book Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition.

Where are sources listed? Within the report ▫In-text citation ▫Use when stating statistics, facts, research, or specific information that are not considered general knowledge. At the end of the report ▫End-of-document citation ▫Use to cite all sources used to prepare the report.

In-Text Citations In a report or written document, immediately after information from the source is used, list the last name of the author and the year of publication of the source.

Example: In-Text Citation Screenings are different from diagnostic tests. Screenings are used on seemingly healthy people to try to catch diseases or problems early, before symptoms occur. Of 60 screening tests evaluated, only 29 were recommended for use by physicians (Farrell, 2007).

Example: In-Text Citation The healthcare industry will add 1.4 million new jobs between 2006 and From , 10 of the 20 fastest growing occupations are concentrated in health service. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006)

End-of-Document Citations Use the Documentation Protocol handout as a guide. List all documents alphabetically by the first word in the documentation entry. Single space within the entry. Double space between entries. Check punctuation and capitalization.

Example: End-of-Document Citation Book with authors: Smith, A. K., Trudeau, C. D., & Filan, J. T. (2008). In pursuit of cures. Hartford, CT: Biolabs, Inc. Grantham, T. G. (2006). Fluid mechanics. Retrieved from

Example: End-of-Document Citation Internet Web page: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. [accessed Year Month Day]. Retrieved from address. List as much of the information as possible You sometimes have to hunt around to find the information If there is a page like and somepage.htm doesn't have the information you're looking for, Move up the URL to

Example: End-of-Document Citation Example: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No ). [accessed 2011 June 20]. Retrieved from ma/asth_sch.pdf. ma/asth_sch.pdf

Example: End-of-Document Citation Journal article, one author, doi not available: Format Author, A. A. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp-pp. Retrieved from Example Shyndale, G.W. (2010). Virtual truss design. Journal of Software Engineering, 14, Retrieved from