Introduction to Climate and Environmental Physics HS 2014 Lecture III Christoph Raible, Markus Leuenberger, Fortunat Joos and Thomas Stocker

Open questions of the last lecture Script is online available of the webpage (http://www.climate.unibe.ch/?L1=courses&L2=crcclmumw) You need the following login: user:kup pw: cep2014

Open questions of the last lecture Declination Equinox with b = 360°/365∙(d-81)

Open questions of the last lecture Ozone effect: Why negative RF?

Temperature dependency of the saturation water vapor pressure (red) and the water vapor density in air in equilibrium (blue). Temperature dependency of the saturation water vapor pressure (red) and the water vapor density in air in equilibrium (blue).

Vertical temperature structure of the atmosphere

Radiation Net total (W/m2) top of Atmosphere

Geopotential hieght at 500 hPa Mean annual geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (thickness of the air column from the bottom to a pressure of 500 hPa) (top left) and the mean annual wind speed in the free troposphere at the same pressure level (top right). Annual standard deviation of the geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (bottom left) and the geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (colors) and the surface pressure (contours) for the 26th of October 2008. (bottom right) (from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project and GFS model of the American Weather Service).

Latitudinal structure of the typical circulation zones in the atmosphere from NASA Earth observatory

Wind speed at 500 hPa Mean annual geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (thickness of the air column from the bottom to a pressure of 500 hPa) (top left) and the mean annual wind speed in the free troposphere at the same pressure level (top right). Annual standard deviation of the geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (bottom left) and the geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (colors) and the surface pressure (contours) for the 26th of October 2008. (bottom right) (from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project and GFS model of the American Weather Service).

Standard deviation of Z500 SLP for 26th Oct. 2008 Mean annual geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (thickness of the air column from the bottom to a pressure of 500 hPa) (top left) and the mean annual wind speed in the free troposphere at the same pressure level (top right). Annual standard deviation of the geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (bottom left) and the geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (colors) and the surface pressure (contours) for the 26th of October 2008. (bottom right) (from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project and GFS model of the American Weather Service).

Latitudinal structure of the typical circulation zones in the atmosphere from NASA Earth observatory

Coriolis force Nordhemisphaere – Ablenkung nach rechts Suedhemisphaere Ablenkung nach links Beschleunigtes Bezugssystem

Coriolis force Nordhemisphaere – Ablenkung nach rechts Suedhemisphaere Ablenkung nach links

Coriolis force Nordhemisphaere – Ablenkung nach rechts Suedhemisphaere Ablenkung nach links Blau Coriolis Gruen Cenrifugal Grau total resultierend

Coriolis force Nordhemisphaere – Ablenkung nach rechts Suedhemisphaere Ablenkung nach links

Storm Ulli 2012-01-03-14UTC

Atmospheric Ekman spiral matching the geostrophic flow caused by the horizontal pressure gradients in the free troposphere Atmospheric Ekman spiral matching the geostrophic flow caused by the horizontal pressure gradients in the free troposphere

Concept of the thermal wind

Conceptual view of the cyclogenesis in middle latitudes . Conceptual view of the cyclogenesis in middle latitudes. Figure from Roedel (1994).