Unit 5: Ionic Bonding

3s 2 3p 6 2s22s2 18-argon (Ar) 17-chlorine (Cl) 2s12s1 10-neon (Ne) 9-fluorine (F) Valence Electrons: e – ’s in highest energy level 11-sodium (Na) 3-lithium (Li) 4-beryllium (Be) 12-magnesium (Mg) 3s13s1 3s23s2 3s 2 3p 5 2s 2 2p 5 2s 2 2p 6 Group # = Valence # determine chemical properties involved in bonding

S Na Al Ar Lewis dot diagram: valence e – ’s as dots Mg Cl P Si The Octet Rule atoms form bonds to have 8 valence e – full outer level like noble gases Ne lose e – ’sgain e – ’s Li BeBCNOF Ne

Metals form (+) ions:  e – ’s lost for octet  positive cations Nonmetals form (–) ions:  e – ’s gained for octet  negative anions Ions

Group charged ions Mg Na [Mg] 2+ [Na] + Group charged ions Al [Al] 3+ Group 3A 3 + charged ions

Group 6A 2 – charged ions Group 5A 3 – charged ions Group 7A 1 – charged ions F F O O N N – 2– 3–  anions names end in -ide

AlCl 3 Cl – [Na] + Lewis dot diagrams

–2– 1– charges vary but always + transition metals

Write the names and symbols for the following ions: (remember the charges) 1.Iodine gains __ e – to form ____ 2.Calcium loses __ e – to form ____ 3.Sulfur ______ __ e – to form ____ 4.Potassium ______ __ e – to form ____ 1 I–I– 2Ca 2+ 2S2–S2– gains 1K+K+ loses

1. How does oxygen display the octet rule when forming an ion? A.loses 2 e – ’s for a –2 charged anion B.loses 6 e – ’s for a +6 charged cation C.gains 2 e – ’s for a –2 charged anion D.gains 2 e – ’s for a +2 charged cation Quick Quiz!

2. Atoms that tend to gain a noble gas electron configuration by losing valence electrons are… A.metals B.nonmetals C.halogens D.anions Quick Quiz.

3. When a bromine atom forms an anion, it does so by… A.losing two electrons. B.gaining two electrons. C.losing one electron. D.gaining one electron Quick Quiz.

4. Write the name and the symbol of the ion formed from a nitrogen atom. A.nitrogen ion, N 3+ B.nitride, N – C.nitride, N 3– D.nitrogen ion, N 5– Quick Quiz.