Querying Directory Contents Copyright © The University of Edinburgh 2011 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See

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Presentation transcript:

Querying Directory Contents Copyright © The University of Edinburgh 2011 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information. Python

Querying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories

PythonQuerying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories And how to list what’s in directories

PythonQuerying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories And how to list what’s in directories How do we

PythonQuerying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories And how to list what’s in directories How do we –Check whether a file exists

PythonQuerying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories And how to list what’s in directories How do we –Check whether a file exists –Tell apart a file and a directory

PythonQuerying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories And how to list what’s in directories How do we –Check whether a file exists –Tell apart a file and a directory –See if two variables refer to the same directory

PythonQuerying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories And how to list what’s in directories How do we –Check whether a file exists –Tell apart a file and a directory –See if two variables refer to the same directory – Check that we are allowed to delete a file

PythonQuerying Directory Contents We know how to move around directories And how to list what’s in directories How do we –Check whether a file exists –Tell apart a file and a directory –See if two variables refer to the same directory – Check that we are allowed to delete a file – Get the size of a file

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') True pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/solar') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/solar') True pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/solar') True >>> exists('no-such-file') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/solar') True >>> exists('no-such-file') False pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/solar') True >>> exists('no-such-file') False >>> exists('/users/vlad/no-such-thing') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import exists >>> exists('pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') True >>> exists('solar') True >>> exists('/users/vlad/solar') True >>> exists('no-such-file') False >>> exists('/users/vlad/no-such-thing') False pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') False pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') False >>> isdir('solar') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') False >>> isdir('solar') True pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') False >>> isdir('solar') True >>> isdir('pizza.cfg') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') False >>> isdir('solar') True >>> isdir('pizza.cfg') False pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') False >>> isdir('solar') True >>> isdir('pizza.cfg') False >>> isdir('no-such-dir') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import isfile, isdir >>> isfile('pizza.cfg') True >>> isfile('solar') False >>> isfile('no-such-file') False >>> isdir('solar') True >>> isdir('pizza.cfg') False >>> isdir('no-such-dir') False pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"...

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"...

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"...

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"...

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"... >>> check('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"... >>> check('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') It's a file pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"... >>> check('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') It's a file >>> check('/users/vlad/solar') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"... >>> check('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') It's a file >>> check('/users/vlad/solar') It's a directory pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"... >>> check('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') It's a file >>> check('/users/vlad/solar') It's a directory >>> check('/users/vlad/no-such-file') pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> def check(path):... if isfile(path):... print "It's a file"... elif isdir(path):... print "It's a directory"... else:... print "It doesn't exist"... >>> check('/users/vlad/pizza.cfg') It's a file >>> check('/users/vlad/solar') It's a directory >>> check('/users/vlad/no-such-file') It doesn't exist pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os.path import samefile pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os.path import samefile >>> file1 = 'pizza.cfg' >>> file2 = '/users/vlad/pizza.cfg' >>> file3 = 'notes.txt' pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers file3file1file2

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os.path import samefile >>> file1 = 'pizza.cfg' >>> file2 = '/users/vlad/pizza.cfg' >>> file3 = 'notes.txt' >>> samefile(file1, file2) pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers file1file2file3

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os.path import samefile >>> file1 = 'pizza.cfg' >>> file2 = '/users/vlad/pizza.cfg' >>> file3 = 'notes.txt' >>> samefile(file1, file2) True pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers file3file1file2

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os.path import samefile >>> file1 = 'pizza.cfg' >>> file2 = '/users/vlad/pizza.cfg' >>> file3 = 'notes.txt' >>> samefile(file1, file2) True >>> samefile(file1, file3) pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers file3file1file2

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os.path import samefile >>> file1 = 'pizza.cfg' >>> file2 = '/users/vlad/pizza.cfg' >>> file3 = 'notes.txt' >>> samefile(file1, file2) True >>> samefile(file1, file3) False pizza.cfg notes.txt solar vladusers file2file3file1

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) Does the path exist?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True Does the path exist?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) Can it be read?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True Can it be read?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) Can it be written?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True Can it be written?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) Can it be executed?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) False Can it be executed?

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.W_OK)

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.W_OK) True

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.X_OK)

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.X_OK) False

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.F_OK | os.R_OK | os.W_OK)

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import access >>> from os import F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK >>> access('pizza.cfg', F_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', R_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.W_OK) True >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.R_OK | os.X_OK) False >>> access('pizza.cfg', os.F_OK | os.R_OK | os.W_OK) True

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import stat >>> info = stat('pizza.cfg')

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import stat >>> info = stat('pizza.cfg') >>> print info (33188, 5557L, L, 1, 3946, 4000, 8172L, , , ) stat returns a record

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import stat >>> info = stat('pizza.cfg') >>> print info (33188, 5557L, L, 1, 3946, 4000, 8172L, , , ) >>> print info.st_mode Protection bits

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import stat >>> info = stat('pizza.cfg') >>> print info (33188, 5557L, L, 1, 3946, 4000, 8172L, , , ) >>> print info.st_mode >>> print info.st_ino 5557 Inode number

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import stat >>> info = stat('pizza.cfg') >>> print info (33188, 5557L, L, 1, 3946, 4000, 8172L, , , ) >>> print info.st_mode >>> print info.st_ino 5557 >>> print info.st_dev Device

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import stat >>> info = stat('pizza.cfg') >>> print info (33188, 5557L, L, 1, 3946, 4000, 8172L, , , ) >>> print info.st_mode >>> print info.st_ino 5557 >>> print info.st_dev >>> print info.st_nlink 1 Number of hard links

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> from os import stat >>> info = stat('pizza.cfg') >>> print info (33188, 5557L, L, 1, 3946, 4000, 8172L, , , ) >>> print info.st_mode >>> print info.st_ino 5557 >>> print info.st_dev >>> print info.st_nlink 1 >>> print info.st_uid 3946 Owner’s user ID

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_gid 4000 Owner’s group ID

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_gid 4000 >>> print info.st_size 8172 File size in bytes

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_gid 4000 >>> print info.st_size 8172 >>> print info.st_atime Most recent access time

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_gid 4000 >>> print info.st_size 8172 >>> print info.st_atime >>> print info.st_mtime Most recent modification

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_gid 4000 >>> print info.st_size 8172 >>> print info.st_atime >>> print info.st_mtime >>> print info.st_ctime Most recent metadata change time for Linux or, creation time for Windows

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_gid 4000 >>> print info.st_size 8172 >>> print info.st_atime >>> print info.st_mtime >>> print info.st_ctime >>> from os import stat_float_times >>> stat_float_times() False Owner’s group ID File size in bytes Most recent access time Most recent modification Most recent metadata change time for Linux or, creation time for Windows

PythonQuerying Directory Contents A stat record may contain operating system-specific values

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_blocks 17 A stat record may contain operating system-specific values Number of blocks, for Linux

PythonQuerying Directory Contents >>> print info.st_blocks 17 >>> print info.st_blksize 8192 A stat record may contain operating system-specific values File system block size for Linux

PythonQuerying Directory Contents os.path Common pathname manipulations exists Does the given path exist? isfile Is the given path a file? isdir Is the given path a directory? samefile Are the given arguments paths to the same file or directory? os Miscellaneous operating system interfaces access Can the file/directory be accessed? statGet operating system-specific information

May 2011 created by Mike Jackson and Greg Wilson Copyright © Software Carpentry and The University of Edinburgh This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information.