Ch. 13 Sec. 2 Imperialism in Southeast Asia and The Pacific

Dutch East Indies Early 1600’s Dutch trade company controlled the spice islands Slowly increased territory and colonized what is today called Indonesia Produced coffee, indigo and spices

Burma and Malaya British clashed with local rulers in 1800s as they expanded from their India Empire –Burmese resistance was met with harsh defeat –1886 annexed Burma and expanded into Malaya –Singapore became the central location for British trade with Asia Providing great wealth for Britain

French Indochina 1500’s Portuguese traders set up a center in present day Vietnam Christian missionaries (France) moved into Vietnam –Conversion met with harsh punishment from Vietnamese officials French responded with an invasion (1858) –Excuse for pursuing more influence in SE Asia –1860’s seized the southern portion of Vietnam –By 1900 France took over all of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia (westerners referred to as Indochina)

Siam Kingdom between British Burma and French Indochina –King Mongkut did not want to suffer same result (ruled ) Studied and understood western culture and ideas Accepted some unequal treaties and modernized the government, army and technology to avoid colonization Present day Thailand

SE Asia by 1900 Europeans control most of region –Introduced modern technology –Expanded commerce and industry –Developed tin, rubber, harbors and RR’s –Changes benefited Europeans far more than Southeast Asians

Philippines Spain seized in 1500’s Developing strong resistance by late 1800s –Power and wealth of Catholic Church –Ed. Gains because of upper class prosperity from Suez Canal –Encouraged by U.S. to help join the fight against Spain, expecting independence –Instead, treaty ending the war gave control to the U.S. (Protectorate) –U.S. eventually promise a slow transition to self- rule

Pacific Islands 1800s - industrialized powers took and interest –Bases for whaling and sealing ships –Missionary work opened the way for political involvement United States –1878 unequal treaty with Samoa Naval stations from other nations led to a triple protectorate –mid-1800s - sugar growers want power in Hawaii Resistance from Liliuokalani led to U.S. planters overthrow 1898 annexed Hawaii By 1900 nearly every island in Pacific claimed by U.S. and European powers