America’s History Fifth Edition Chapter 25: The New Deal, 1933–1939 Copyright © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin’s Henretta Brody Dumenil Ware

Section I: The New Deal Takes Over, 1933–1935 The Roosevelt Style of Leadership The Hundred Days The New Deal under Attack

The Roosevelt Style of Leadership Roosevelt v. Hoover What was the New Deal? Roosevelt made a connection with the people. –Fireside chats Expanded the role of the presidency The Brain Trust

The Hundred Days: The Emergency Banking Act What was the Hundred Days? Banking Crisis –Bank Holiday Emergency Banking Act Glass-Steagall Act

The Hundred Days The Civilian Conservation Corps Tennessee Valley Authority Legalized Beer Agricultural Adjustment Act

The Hundred Days The National Recovery Administration Unemployment Legislation –Federal emergency Relief Administration (FERA) –Public Works Administration (PWA) –Civil Works Administration (CWA)

The Hundred Days Early relief measures were deliberately inflationary Abandoning the International Gold Standard June 1933 –Alphabet Soup Agencies After the Hundred Days –Securities Exchange Commission: The Banking Act of 1935

The New Deal under Attack To the wealthy –Liberty League Black Monday –Schechter v. U.S Francis Townsend –Old Age Revolving Pension Plan Father Charles Coughlin

The Second New Deal, 1935–1938 Legislative Accomplishments The 1936 Election Stalemate

Legislative Accomplishments The three r’s The Second New Deal Wagner Act Social Security Act Works Progress Administration

Legislative Accomplishments Revenue Act (1935) Election of 1936 Supreme Court Fight –Background –Plan –Criticisms –Outcome –Aftermath

The Second New Deal Other Reform acts Lasting reorganization of the executive office Roosevelt Recession Purge the Democratic party?

Section III: The New Deal’s Impact on Society New Deal Constituencies and the Broker State The New Deal and the Land The New Deal and the Arts The Legacies of the New Deal

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State A larger federal bureaucracy Government operated as a broker state

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Organized Labor Labor’s growth Why did labor organized labor grow? What were labor’s causes? Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) –John Lewis –Industrial unionism

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Organized Labor 2 victories for the CIO –UAW at General Motors –U.S. Steel Corporation 1930s = one of the most active labor periods of solidarity in American history CIO allied itself with the Democratic Party Labor movement in American life Sit-down strike scenes, both inside and outside the factory

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Women and the New Deal Women in FDR’s administration Eleanor Roosevelt Flaws of the New Deal

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Blacks and the New Deal Some New Deal programs reflected prevailing racist attitudes Received significant benefits because they were poor –Resettlement Administration Mary McLeod Bethune Changes in voting patterns

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: The Politicalization of Mexican Americans Mexican Americans began to identify more with the US rather than Mexico Democrats welcome Mexican-American participation

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: The Indian Reorganization Act Background Intent of the Indian Reorganization Act Flaws of the Indian Reorganization Act

The New Deal & the Land Conservationism Tennessee Valley Authority Soil Conservation Service in the Department of Agriculture Rural Electrification Administration Other environmental projects ND was ahead of its time

The New Deal and the Arts Federal One Federal Art Project Federal Music Project Federal Writer’s Project Federal Theater Project –red-baiting

The New Deal and the Arts Documentary impulse The March of Time newsreels Resettlement Administration’s historical section

The Legacies of the New Deal Federal government became a part of everyday life Gov’t made a commitment to intervene US turns to becoming a welfare state Shortcomings of the ND Europe moves towards war Japan seizes territory in the Far East Roosevelt put domestic reform on the back burner & focused on international relations.

Chapter 25: The New Deal (1933–1939) Map 25.1 Public Works in the New Deal: The PWA in Action, 1933–1939 (p. 730) Map 25.2 Popular Protest in the Great Depression, 1933–1939 (p. 734) Map 25.3 Eleanor Roosevelt’s Travels, 1936–1937 (p. 738) Map 25.4 The Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933–1952 (p. 741) “One Third of a Nation” (p. 720) See America (p. 729) Organize (p. 733) “The Promise of the New Deal” (p. 743) The Human Face of the Great Depression (p. 745)

Map 25.1 Public Works in the New Deal: The PWA in Action, 1933–1939 (p. 730)

Map 25.2 Popular Protest in the Great Depression, 1933–1939 (p. 734)

Map 25.3 Eleanor Roosevelt’s Travels, 1936–1937 (p. 738)

Map 25.4 The Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933–1952 (p. 741)

“One Third of a Nation” (p. 720)

See America (p. 729)

Organize (p. 733)

“The Promise of the New Deal” (p. 743)

The Human Face of the Great Depression (p. 745)