Title Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 34 Image Slides

Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. heat producers consumers decomposers energy nutrients solar energy inorganic nutrient pool

Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. Grazing food web b. Detrital food web AutotrophsHerbivores/Omnivores Carnivores deer rabbits mice chipmunks birds foxes skunks owls snakes hawks detritus fungi and bacteriainvertebratescarnivorous invertebratessalamandersshrews leaves mice fruits and nuts leaf-eating insects

Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. producers herbivores carnivores top carnivores

Page 709 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. herbivores producers (algae) relative dry weight

Fig Reservoir fossil fuels mineral in rocks sediment in oceans Exchange Pool atmosphere soil water Community Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

freshwater runoff net transport of water vapor by wind Ocean Ice Groundwaters aquifer precipitation over land transpiration from plants and evaporation from soil lake H 2 O in Atmosphere evaporation from ocean precipitation to ocean Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. biota sedimentation plants decomposers geological uplift mineable rock fertilizer runoff phosphate in soil animals and animal wastes Biotic Community sewage treatment plants phosphate in solution detritus phosphate mining weathering

Fig plants decomposers NO 3  NH 4 + (ammonium) decomposers N 2 (nitrogengas) in Atmosphere N 2 fixation nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules and soil dead organisms and animal waste nitrifying bacteria NO 2  (nitrite) denitrifying bacteria sedimentation denitrification Biotic Community NO 3  (nitrate) Biotic Community phytoplankton runoff Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. nitrification human activities cyanobacteria denitrifying bacteria denitrification N 2 fixation

Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Land plants Soils Ocean combustion photosynthesis respiration decay runoff diffusion sedimentation coal oil natural gas destruction of vegetation CO 2 in Atmosphere bicarbonate (HCO 3  ) dead organisms and animal waste

Page 717 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. heat energy nutrients c. a. b. d. solar energy

Page 717 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. d. c. b. a.