Experimental Characterization of Gas-Liquid Column:

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Presentation transcript:

Experimental Characterization of Gas-Liquid Column: Effect of nozzle orientation and pressure by Peter Spicka CREL group regular meeting, November 26th CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Objective Study the sparger nozzle orientation effect on gas hold-up, liquid velocity and turbulence in gas-liquid column Motivation Only few data, i.e. liquid velocity and gas holdup, available in the literature for churn-turbulent flow regime CARPT and CT techniques allow relatively accurate acquisition of needed data Different pressures and UGS can be covered Additional experimental database for CFD simulations can be created

Experiment 6.375” stainless steel column Cross-sparger, two nozzle orientations: facing upward and downward Air-water system Dynamic height maintained at 11 D Pressure: 1 bar and 4 bars UGS= 5 cm/s (only CT) and 20 cm/s CARPT setup Typical setup, 30 detectors Only photo peak acquisition 50 Hz sampling frequency CT setup 5 detectors, 7 projections per view 4 axial levels: 2.5D; 3.5D; 5.5D; and 9D 20 Hz sampling frequency

Detector alignment and calibration CT CARPT

CT Results Effect of Nozzle Orientation- Global View Gas holdup at UGS=20 cm/s and p=1 bar nozzles facing downward nozzles facing upward Bubbles formed from nozzles facing upward are smaller Þ increased hold-up Similar behavior was found for all the studied regimes

CT Results Effect of Nozzle Orientation and Pressure Gas holdup profiles UGS=5 cm/s UGS=20 cm/s Nozzle orientation particularly pronounced at high pressure and high UGS in the sparger zone diminishes with axial position Pressure Typical increase of gas holdup magnitude

Axial velocity profiles Radial velocity profiles CARPT Results Liquid velocity Steeper velocity profiles observed at high pressure Þ higher bubble momentum However, effect of nozzle orientation on liquid velocity is visible only at near-sparger region

Comparison with Boon Cheng’s data Liquid velocity calculation CARPT processing algorithm considers uniform time step However, relatively large amount of data is excluded from calculation (25% and more) Time step is non uniform Calculated velocity will be biased towards higher values Comparison with Boon Cheng’s data

Nozzles facing down Nozzles facing up CARPT Results Turbulent kinetic energy Nozzles facing down Nozzles facing up p= 1 bar p = 4 bars p = 1 bar p = 4 bars Turbulent kinetic energy is higher for nozzles pointing downward and at higher pressure Nozzle effect is significant mainly at low pressure Significant effect of bubble-induced turbulence

CARPT Results Reynolds stresses u’xu’x are approximately 2.5 x higher than u’ru’r and they are weakly coupled Magnitude of u’xu’x is comparable with the corresponding mean velocities Highly anisotropic flow !

Concluding Remarks Outlook for future Nozzle orientation Significant effect on gas holdup and turbulent kinetic energy mainly near the column bottom More pronounced at high UGS and high pressure Effect on liquid velocity profiles is less significant Uncertainty in magnitude of turbulent parameters due to gas holdup fluctuations Outlook for future Filtering Elimination of gas holdup fluctuations from CARPT data CFD Examination of nozzle orientation effect in churn-turbulent regime