III. The Inca.

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Presentation transcript:

III. The Inca

A. Andean Civilization In the Peruvian Andes 3. Cuzco: ancient Incan capital (11,000 ft. above sea level) 4. language: Quechua

Machu Picchu

Incan Mummies

B. Economic agricultural & pastoral terrace farming in mountains potatoes, maize, beans, coca leaves, guinea pigs domesticated llamas & alpacas pottery

Incan Ceramic Jars Peanut Potato Squash Cacao God Corn

large professional army intricate road system peasants owed compulsory labor to the state - mita system

C. Sociocultural Rigid hierarchical society: − rulers (el Inca) − aristocrats/military elite − priests − small merchant class − peasants Religion: − Inti: sun god, owns all property little human sacrifice

D. Political 1. Military expansionism professional standing army most united empire in the Americas! large bureaucracy unified language roads/bridges − quipus (knots for counting) − chasquis (runners)

The Quipu: An Incan Database

I. Southwest of U.S. present-day Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado 2. Hohokam culture (pottery & irrigation) 3. The Anasazi used large-scale irrigation with sophisticated weaving & pottery 4. Hopi & Pueblo built “adobe” shelters

II. Mississippian Culture 1. Chiefdom tradition 2. cities built on large platform mounds & buried dead in mounds 3. city of Cahokia

Pre-Columbian Comparisons: Aztecs Maya Inca Economics Society Politics

Pre-Columbian Comparisons: A. Politically : 1. Expansion Maya: slaves Aztec: military expansion for territory, sacrifices Inca: religious Centralization Maya: city-states Aztec: Tenochtitlan; NO bureaucracy Inca: most centralized (big bureaucracy)

B. Socially: All 3: peasant majority slavery of conquered peoples women subordinate except inherit land commerce Maya & Aztecs: merchant class Aztec: warrior elite Inca: religious elite, god-king (el Inca)