The Judeo-Christian Foundations of Islam

Islam→An Abrahamic Religion ☪ Muslims are strict monotheists. ☪ They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah. ☪ Muslims believe that parts of the Tanach and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Muslims call Christians and Jews “peoples of the book”

Abraham’s Genealogy ABRAHAMSARAHHAGAR Isaac EsauJacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad = Last prophet

The Qur’an ☪ Quran (Koran)= Muslim Scripture/Holy Book ☪ Muslims believe Muhammad received a message from Allah(God) through the angel Gabriel. ☪ 114 suras (chapters)

●Muharram: The Islamic New Year (in the fall) ●Mawlid al-Nabi: Prophet Muhammad's Birthday ●Ramadan- month of fasting to celebrate the first message of the Quran to Muhammad (in June).fasting ●Eid al-Fitr- The "Festival of Fast Breaking" comes at the end of Ramadan. Holidays

●Beliefs - 5 Pillars ●Religious Leader- Imam ●Building of worship - Mosque ●Name for God- Allah ●Clothing- Hijab ●Symbol- Crescent Moon and Star Worship

Other Islamic Religious Practices ☪ No alcohol or pork. ☪ No gambling. ☪ Sharia → a system of laws that many Muslims live by (EX: ☪ Three holiest cities in Islam: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

The Spread of Religion ☪ Judaism - an ethnic religion; people are usually born into it (maternal - passed down through the mother) ☪ Christianity - spreads easily through the conversion of new members ☪ Islam - spreads easily through the conversion of new members

1. The Shahada 1 ☪ The declaration of faith: There is only one God and His prophet is Muhammad.

2. The Salat 2 ☪ The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed ☪ Wash before praying. ☪ Face Mecca (one of their holy cities) and use a prayer rug.

2. The Salat 2 ☪ The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret. ☪ Pray in the mosque on Friday.

3. The Zakat 3 ☪ Almsgiving/tithing (donating to charity). ☪ Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. ☪ Considered a method of self-purification. 4. The Sawm

5. The Hajj 5 ☪ The pilgrimage to Mecca - Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. ☪ 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. ☪ Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.