Cell Communication (Chpt. 11) Chapter 11. Overview of Cell Signaling Signaling evolved early in history of life Communicating cells may be close together.

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Cell Communication (Chpt. 11) Chapter 11

Overview of Cell Signaling Signaling evolved early in history of life Communicating cells may be close together or far apart 3 stages of signaling are: reception, transduction, and response

Communicating cells

Signal Reception and the Initiation of Transduction A signal molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing the protein to change shape Most signal receptors are plasma membrane proteins

Signal Transduction Pathways Pathways relay signals from receptors to cellular responses Protein phosphorylation, is a major mechanism of signal transduction Certain small molecules and ions are key components of signaling pathways (second messengers)

Cellular Responses to Signals In response to a signal, a cell may regulate activities in the cytoplasm or transcription in the nucleus Elaborate pathways amplify and specify the cell’s response to signals

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