Astrophysics Missions in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Program Fabio Favata European Space Agency

Missions in preparation Herschel-Planck 2008 Bepi-Colombo 2013 Corot (CNES-ESA) 2006 Lisa-Pathfinder 2009 Gaia 2011 Chandrayan (ISRO-ESA) 2008 Solar Orbiter 2015 JWST (NASA-ESA) 2014 Microscope (CNES-ESA) 2009 2007 2008 2010 2012 2006 2013 2005 2009 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017

ESA’s new long term plan for space science COSMIC VISION 2015-2025

Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 process Call for Science Themes in Spring 2004 Responses analyzed by ESA’s advisory structure in July 2004 Workshop with community in Paris in September 2004 (400 participants) Spring 2005 the Cosmic Vision Plan was presented to the community Plan should cover one decade, with 3 Calls for Missions planned

Cosmic Vision process First “Call for Missions” issued in 1st Q 2007 50 proposals received by June 2007 deadline Selection process by scientific community during summer Final recommendation in October 2007

The ESA program is chosen by the Scientific Community….. Solar System Working Group Fundamental Physics Advisory Group Astronomy Working Group Space Science Advisory Committee Membership of advisory bodies is determined by individual scientific standing Member States ESF Space Science Committee X-member ESA Executive DG, D/Sci Advice (implementation) Science Programme Committee Recommendations (resource) European Science Community

Cosmic vision process for 1st slice 2 launch opportunities, for 2017/2018 Currently planning 1 M (2017) plus 1 L (2018) mission L cap ca. 650 M€, M cap ca. 300 M€ ESA cost P/L funded separately by ESA member states Other mixes of mission sizes possible

Cosmic Vision process for 1st slice Mission concepts have been selected for assessment studies Further down-selection is planned in 2009 and 2011 Assessment studies starting now, to mid 2009 Emphasize that all missions presented here are thus candidate for a launch, but yet to be adopted in the program. Competition will last until 2011

Selected concepts for the first slice of the Cosmic Vision program L mission concepts Xeus (large collecting area X-ray observatory) Laplace/Tandem (mission to the outer planets) LISA (ex officio, gravitational wave observatory) All of them are proposed to ESA as international collaborations Even though LISA is an astrophysics mission, I will not discuss it further -- it’s already discussed in detail elsewhere in this workshop

Selected concepts for the first slice of the Cosmic Vision program M mission concepts Plato (planetary transits and asteroseismology) Dark Energy (Space and Dune) Marco Polo (NEO sample return) Cross Scale (magnetospheric physics) Missions of opportunity Spica (contribution to JAXA MIR observatory)

XEUS: Scientific objectives A large collecting area X-ray observatory Some key scientific drivers Evolution of Large Scale Structure and Nucleosynthesis Coeval Growth of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes Matter under Extreme Conditions Z= 0 Z= 2

XEUS: top level requirements To be used as drivers for the Assessment phase 5 m2 @ 1 keV, 2 m2 @ Fe K 0.1-15 keV band (XMM/Chandra-like)  5 arcsec spatial resolution (2 arcsec goal) Wide field imaging ( 7 arcmin, R  50) High-res, non-dispersive spectroscopy ( 0.6 arcmin, R  1000-3000 @ FeK) Possible options: polarimetry, high time resolution, enhanced hard X-ray response and instrumentation

XEUS: proposed mission profile Formation flying with separate mirror and detector S/C 5 yr operations at L2 International cooperation framework still to be detailed

European Dark Energy mission Dark Energy recognized as highest priority in astronomy for M missions Two proposals received, both highly ranked A joint task force is being set up involving both teams and independent experts to advise ESA on the best European-led Dark Energy mission

Dark Energy: DUNE concept Dark Universe Explorer (DUNE) Wide-field NIR and optical imager Study Dark Energy through weak gravitational lensing

DUNE baseline configuration 1.2 m telescope, 0.23 arcsec PSF (opt) 0.5 sq deg optical imager (RIZ) 0.5 sq deg NIR imager (YJH) 4 year mission to GEO

Dark Energy: SPACE concept Spectroscopic All-Sky Cosmic Explorer (SPACE) NIR spectra of > 5×108 galaxies to map Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations

SPACE baseline configuration 1.5 m telescope, diffraction-limited >0.65 m R=400 spectra 0.8-1.8 m 4 set of NIR detectors Optical Telescope Assembly and fore-optics system (four channels).

Plato: scientific objectives Provide the observational data to understand the evolution of stars and their planets High accuracy photometry of a large sample of relatively bright stars Transiting terrestrial planets & Asteroseismology of the planet host

Plato: baseline mission Two configurations to be traded off “staring” vs. “spinning” concept Trade-off to be done during study 100 identical 10cm pupil telescopes 3 x 0.72 m2 telescopes

SPICA: baseline mission Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics JAXA-led mission (see poster) Coverage of FIR-MIR (5-210 m) with imaging, spectroscopic and coronographic instruments Two orders of magnitude more sensitive than Herschel in FIR Higher spectral resolution than JWST in MIR (R=30 000)

SPICA: European contribution ESA will provide: Cryogenic telescope assembly European SPICA ground segment ESI system engineering and management ESI instrument FIR imaging spectrometer Nationally funded, Europe/Canada ESA managed

CV2015: long-term technology development activities A number of high priority science goals identified with low TRL Incompatible with programmatics for first CV2015 slice Will be subject to joint (ESA + national) technology activities, in view of future CV2015 Calls Prioritization and details of activities to be established later

CV2015: long-term technology development activities Goals in astrophysics for longer-term techhnology include Detection and characterization of terrestrial exo-planets Study of B-mode polarization of CMB Study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays

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