Medical Terminology NURS 1103 or HLSC 2613

Learning Terminology Learning Terminology

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LANGUAGE (ML) Dr. Mohammed Qasim Baghdad College of Medicine Respected c

Main Objective: Learn Medical Terminology New students to Medical Terminology often bewildered by strange spelling and pronunciation. Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin

Medical Terminology Mispronunciations Artery - The study of fine paintings. Benign - What you are after you be eight. Coma - A punctuation mark. Morbid - A higher offer. Urine - opposite of you’re out. Tablet - A small table.

Course Objectives Apply basic principles of medical word building. Correctly pronounce medical terms. Define common medical terms. Relate common medical terms to human anatomy and physiology; common disease states, pharmacological categories and diagnostic tests. Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports.

A Busy Course! Are you feeling like a lot of information is about to come your way? The answer is YES.

Lecture 1 Basic Elements of Medical Word Now, lets begin Lecture 1 Basic Elements of Medical Word

Medical Dictionary Use Look Up Unfamiliar Terms

Building Medical Terms Word Root Prefix Suffix Combining forms

Forming Medical Terms Medical Term Word root Suffix Prefix Combining forms

Word Roots (WR) Usually derived form Greek or Latin Frequently indicates a body part Most medical terms have one or more word roots

Examples of Word Roods

Combining Forms (CF) Combining Form (CF) is a Word Root (WR) plus a vowel, usually an “o” Usually indicates a body part

Combining Forms Examples Cardi/ + o = cardi/o heart gastr/ + o = gastr/o stomach hepat/ + o = hepat/o liver nephr/ + o = nephr/o kidney oste/ + o = oste/o bone

Suffixes Word Ending Suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech Usually derived from Greek or Latin

Examples of Suffix Arthr/o -centesis Arthrocentesis joint puncture puncture of a joint throac/o -tomy Thoracotomy chest incision incision of the chest gastr/o -megaly Gastromegaly stomach enlargement enlargement of the stomach

Prefixes Word element located at the beginning of a word Changes the meaning of the word Usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, color, or sense of negation

Examples of Prefix A- mast -ia without breast condition hyper- therm -ia excessive heat condition intra- muscul -ar in muscle relating to

Basic Rule One A WR (word root) is used before a suffix that begins with a vowel. Scler/ + osis = sclerosis

Basic Rule Two A combining vowel is used to link a WR to a suffix that begins with a consonant and to link a WR to another WR to form a compound word colon/o + scope = colonscope osteo/ o/ chondr/ itis = osteochondritis

Defining Medical Words First, define the suffix or ending Second, define the prefix, or beginning Third, define the middle

Word Roots and Combining Forms [CYT(O)] Meaning cyt(o) dextr(o) dips(o) dors(o) erythr(o) esthesio cell right thirst back red sensation, perception

Word Roots and Combining Forms Meaning galact(o) gluco gero glyco gyn(o) home(o) kin(o) milk glucose old age sugars women same movement

Word Roots and Combining Forms Combining Forms Meaning kinesi(o) lact(o) leuk(o) lith(o) mio narco necro motion milk white stone smaller; less sleep; numbness death; dying

Word Roots and Combining Forms [NOCT(O)] Meaning noct(i) oncho path(o) phago phon(o) pseud(o) pyo night tumor disease eating sound; voice false pus

Word Roots and Combining Forms [PYRO] Meaning pyro salping(o) schiz(o) scler(o) scolio somato spiro fever tube split; division hardening crooked; bent body breath; breathe

Word Roots and Combining Forms [TEL(O)] Meaning tel(o) tono tropho xanth(o) xeno Xer(o) distant; end; complete tension; pressure food; nutrition yellow stranger dry

Prefixes Prefixes Prefix Suffix Word Root Prefixes are attached to the beginning of words. Modifies the meaning of the word or word root. Indicates size, quantity, position of, and location.

Prefixes (a–aut) Prefixes Prefix Meaning a ab ana ante anti aut(0) without away from up, toward before against self

Prefixes (brachy–hypo) Meaning brachy brady contra dys hemi hyper hypo short slow against abnormal; difficult half above normal below normal

Prefixes (inter–peri) Meaning Prefix inter iso mal meta micr(o) olig(o) peri between equal; same bad; inadequate after small few; little; scanty around; about; near

Prefixes (pro–un) Prefixes Prefix Meaning pro before; forward re retro semi supra tachy un before; forward again; backward behind; backward half above; over fast not

Suffixes Suffixes Prefix Suffix Word Root Attaches to the end of the word and carries the underlying meaning of the word. Suffixes can also be combining forms.

Suffixes (ad–crine) Suffixes Suffix Meaning -ad -algia -asthenia -blast -cidal -clast -crine toward pain weakness immature; forming destroying; killing breaking secreting

Suffixes (crit–ectomy) Meaning -crit -cyte -cytosis -derma -dynia -ectasis -ectomy separate cell condition of cells skin pain expanding; dilating removal of

Suffixes (emesis–graphy) Meaning -emesis -emia -esthesia -globin -gram -graph -graphy vomiting blood sensation protein a recording recording instrument process of recording

Suffixes (ic–malacia) Meaning -ic -ism -itis -kinesia -logist -lysis -malacia pertaining to condition; disease inflammation movement one who practices destruction of softening

Suffixes (mania-pathy) Meaning -mania -megaly -oid -opia -ostomy -para -pathy obsession enlargement like; resembling vision opening bearing disease

Suffixes (penia-phrenia) Meaning -penia -pepsia -pexy -phage -phobia -phonia -phrenia deficiency digestion fixation eating; devouring fear sound of the mind

Suffixes (phylaxis-rrhaphy) Meaning -phylaxis -plasty -plegia -pnea -ptosis -rrhagia -rrhaphy protection surgical repair paralysis breath falling down; drooping heavy discharge surgical suturing

Suffixes (rrhexis-tropia) Meaning -rrhexis -spasm -stasis -stenosis -tomy -trophy -tropia rupture contraction stopping; constant narrowing cutting operation nutrition turning

Pluralizing Terms Rules Add s to words ending in any vowel or consonant except s,x,z, or y (ex. joint- joints) Add es to words ending in s,x, or z (ex. reflex - reflexes)

Pluralizing Terms Rules Cont’d Remove x and add `ces to Latin words ending in x (ex. appendix - appendices) Remove the `y and add `ies to words ending in `y preceded by a consonant (ex. mastectomy- mastectomies)

Pluralizing Terms Rules Cont’d When an ending `y is preceded by a vowel, the usual plural suffix is `s (ex. boy - boys) Add `e to Latin terms ending in a (ex. lamina - laminae)

Pluralizing Terms Rules Cont’d Remove `us and add `i to Latin words ending in us (ex. bacillus- bacilli) Change `sis to `ses in Greek words ending in sis (ex. psychosis - psychoses)

Pluralizing Terms Rules Cont’d Remove `on from and add `a to Greek words ending in `on (ex. criterion - criteria) Remove `um from and add `a to Latin words ending in um (ex. diverticulum - diverticula)

Pluralizing Rules Latin Greek Singular Plural Singular Plural fossa fossae datum data radix radices neurosis neuroses ganglion ganglia calyx calyces