1 Foundations of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1.1: The Language of Anatomy & Physiology Lesson 1.2: Basic Physiological Processes Lesson 1.3: How Forces Affect the Body Lesson 1.4: Understanding Science

The Language of Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1: Foundations of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1.1 The Language of Anatomy and Physiology

The Language of Anatomy and Physiology Introducing anatomy and physiology Describing the human body

Introducing Anatomy and Physiology Human Anatomy Identify the parts of the human body Gross human anatomy Microscopic human anatomy Human Physiology How the parts of the human body function

Common Directional Terms

Describing the Human Body Anatomical Position Planes Sagittal Right & Left Frontal Anterior & Posterior Transverse Superior & Inferior

Body Planes Sectional Views Sagittal Frontal Transverse

Body Cavities Posterior Cavities Anterior Cavities Cranial Spinal Thoracic Abdominopelvic Abdominal Pelvic

Basic Physiological Processes Chapter 1: Foundations of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1.2 Basic Physiological Processes

Basic Physiological Processes Structural and functional organization of the body Homeostasis Metabolism

Structural Organization of the Body Atoms Ex: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, etc. Molecules Ex: Water, Glucose, Proteins, etc. Cells Ex: Myocytes, Osteocytes, Neurons, etc. Tissues Ex: Epithelial, Skeletal, Cardiac, etc. Organs Heart, Lungs, Bones, Brain, etc. Organ Systems Respiratory, Circulatory, Nervous, Endocrine, etc.

Human Organ Systems

Homeostasis Control mechanisms maintain a steady internal environment Receptor Receive sensory input Control center Spinal cord & brain Make decision Effector Response to stimuli Rido/Shutterstock.com

Homeostasis Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Conditions exceeding a set limit in one direction trigger a negative reaction in the opposite direction Ex: Body temperature; Blood pressure; Blood sugar Positive Feedback Conditions cause a reaction to accelerate Ex: Childbirth; Blood clotting

Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism Big molecules made from smaller molecules Catabolism Big molecule broken into smaller molecules

How Forces Affect the Body Chapter 1: Foundations of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1.3 How Forces Affect the Body

How Forces Affect the Body Basic kinetic concepts Forces and injury to the human body

Basic Kinetic Concepts Force Push or pull Mass & Weight Mass = amount of matter Weight = the pull of gravity Pressure Force spread over an area

Forces and Injury to the Human Body Tension Pulling force Compression Squeezing force Shear Tearing apart force Torque Twisting force

The Effects of Force Application Acceleration Increase in the rate or speed of an object Deformation Elastic Plastic

Understanding Science Chapter 1: Foundations of Human Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1.4 Understanding Science

Understanding Science Scientific method Developing scientific theories Impact of scientific research

Science Creates new knowledge Testable explanations Testable predictions

The Scientific Method Question Hypotheses Experimentation Collecting the Data Analyze Data Interpret Results Conclusion Repeat

Developing Scientific Theories Tested through the scientific method Accurate explanation of some aspect of the natural world

Early Greek and Roman Anatomists Aristotle Wrote On the Parts of Animals Galen Compiled numerous anatomical reports First to assert that the brain controls muscles

Anatomists in the Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci The Vitruvian Man Andreas Vesalius De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body) William Harvey One of the first accurate descriptions of human physiology Reed/Shutterstock.com