Bellringer 3/30 What is the purpose of photosynthesis? What does the plant need to perform photosynthesis? What are the products of photosynthesis? What is the purpose of respiration? What does an organism need to perform cellular respiration? What are the products of cellular respiration? What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?

Why do organisms need food?

Organisms use food to make ATP ATP (adenosine triphosphate) → the molecule used for energy in ALL cells.

release energy = ATP → ADP + P When a cell needs to use energy, it breaks off one phosphate group to make ADP release energy = ATP → ADP + P When a cell wants to store energy, it makes ATP store energy = ADP + P → ATP

What process makes ATP (energy)?

RESPIRATION! Chemical reaction that makes ATP for ALL organisms.

TWO types of respiration… OR Aerobic (Cellular) Respiration Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)

Aerobic (Cellular) Respiration Uses O2 and food (glucose) to make ATP All organisms except some fungi and bacteria Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA Produces H2O and CO2 Makes LOTS of ATP

Energy Cell Carbon Dioxide Water Oxygen Glucose Used by cell Excreted out Water Energy Cell Used by cell Oxygen Need to get it from outside cell Glucose Get from food

The PRODUCTS of one reaction are the REACTANTS of the other reaction.

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Does NOT use Oxygen Uses ONLY food (glucose) to make ATP makes very little ATP

Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) can be… LACTIC ACID Occurs in humans when there is a lack of O2 Result of pushing yourself beyond your usual endurance Produces lactic acid = muscle cramps ALCOHOLIC Occurs in yeast Produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol

Which organism is most likely to use anaerobic respiration? Bird Moss Tree Yeast

Two different species of bacteria are examined Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that Species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? Only Species Y is aerobic Only Species Y is anaerobic Both Species X and Y are aerobic Both Species X and Y are anaerobic.

Bioenergetic Reactions Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen Aerobic Respiration C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water Anaerobic Respiration (Alcoholic Fermentation) C6H12O6 → CO2 + C2H5OH + 2 ATP glucose → carbon dioxide + ethyl alcohol