Smiths Detection: Proprietary Data Bringing technology to life Liquid Detection Malte Pruss, Director Products CXS May, 2014

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 2 Topics Detection of Liquids an OverviewThe Technology behind Solutions of Smiths Detection

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 3 Detection of Liquids Liquid detection at airport checkpoints is a challenge for passengers, officers, security managers… Different kind of bottles, glass, plastics, aluminum cans, … More or less filled with tea, coffee, soft drinks with more or less sugar and other ingredients…

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 4 Detection of Liquids Passengers want to buy goods at the airport as refreshment, gifts… Shops want to sell refreshments or duty free articles e.g. fragrances, some alcohol, shampoo,… And the security has to ensure that no liquids can be misapplied. The latest x-ray scanning system shall fulfil the standards.

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 5 LEDS – Equipment Types and Standards Detection Standard Equipment Type LEDS Equipment Type A: Screen liquid containers singly with lids removed or loosened LEDS Equipment Type B: Screen liquid containers singly without removing lids or loosening lids LEDS Equipment Type C: Screen multiple liquid containers simultaneously but with liquids removed from baggage LEDS Equipment Type D: Screen multiple liquid containers simultaneously but with liquids remaining in cabin baggage LEDS Standard 1: various materials, defined maximum false alarm rate (FAR), defined minimum probability of detection (POD), Systems installed until can be operated until January LEDS Standard 2:higher standard compared to standard 1 all newly installed systems have to be standard 2 no expiry date LEDS Standard 3:Relevant for alarm resolution; no expiry date

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 6 LEDS – Equipment Types and Standards The EU LEDS time line was shifted several times. April 2011 (Transfer PAX), April 2013 (all PAX)… January 2014 ban is lifted for duty free articles in STEBs, medicin and baby food. EU will decide on next steps end of 2014 Standard 1 is mandatory for all LEDS system. Standard 2 is mandatory for all newly installed LEDS systems.

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 7 LEDS – What makes it so tricky Liquids, Gels etc. have different Z eff ( atomic number, specific absorption) Second important value is the density (explosive material mass) To achieve a material discrimination you must “detect” different energies of the x-ray beam.

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 8 LEDS – Material Discrimination - Zeff

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 9 LEDS – Material Discrimination - Density

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 10 LEDS – Material Discrimination - Volume To “make” a decision about the density the volume of the container is needed.

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 11 LEDS – Solution step 1 To determine the volume of a bottle or a can you need at least to views: a bottom view and a side view Single view Multi view

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 12 LEDS – Solution step 2 We have to consider that there are only two dimensional slices (data) of the object available! X-ray focus detector object attenuation

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 13 LEDS – Solution step 2 The objected is represented by a number of these “attenuation”- values. An algorithm “reconstructs out of these data a model of the bottle and can compare it to a calculated data base model (best fit). inner and outer curvature of the bottle

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 14 LEDS – Solution step 3 If there is a best fit the algorithm can calculate the material content of the item.

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 15 LEDS – Solution This has to be calculated in real time during the scanning process. A lot of variables have to take in consideration: -Materials of the “bottle”, -Thickness of the bin -Orientation in the tray -Filling level -Shape of the bottle, can… -….

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 16 LEDS – Smiths Detection To solve these challenges in physics and mathematics you must rely on an outstanding knowledge base. Smiths Detection has more than 100 physicists, mathematicians and engineers. Several millions of Euros are invested in research and development every year to realize better products and solutions.

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 17 LEDS – HS is HR A sophisticated solution for liquid detection is the HS is HR

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 18 LEDS – HS is HR  The HS is HR fulfils the EU LEDS standard 2  Dual view X-ray inspection system  Excellent image quality and steel penetration (39/40 AWG, 35/37mm steel)  High throughput due to reduced repositioning and rescanning of objects  Excellent design and performance  Automatic explosive detection

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | The Technology Behind Additional information from the side L-shaped detector line for side view

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | The Technology Behind Non-distorted image quality U-shaped detector line for bottom-up view

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 21 HI-SCAN is – side viewHI-SCAN is – bottom-up view Views around clutter reduce need for hand-search or rescan Concealed objects in one view appear clearly in another Increased detection (TIP) Threat Advantages of Dual View Technology

Dubai Liquid Detection 2014 | 22 Smiths Detection at the Dubai Airport Show Thank you for your attention For more information please visit us at our booth at the Dubai Airport Show

Smiths Detection: Proprietary Data Bringing technology to life