Cramming for CS 247

FAQ Q: Will you post these slides online? A: Yes.

Single ADT Design

02 - Classes in C++ ADTs, Classes, Objects Constructor Destructor Private vs public Friends

03 – Design decisions for a single class Should we write a constructor? Should the constructor be explicit? class Stack{ public: explicit Stack(int size); };

03 – Design decisions for a single class Accessor and Mutator class Integer{ int x; public: void setX(const int x); int getX() const; };

03 – Design decisions for a single class Operator overloading class Integer{ int x; public: Integer operator+ (const Integer &y) const; };

04 – Consts and References int *p; const int *p; int const *p; int *const p; const int *const p;

05 – Copy constructor Purpose: Duplicating an existing object How copy constructors work How operator= works How operator== works More design decisions

Multiple ADT Design

06 – Modules.h files contain DECLARATIONS.cpp files contain DEFINITIONS The “make” command Makefile

06 – Modules Namespaces What does “using namespace” std mean?

08 – UML Diagrams Visual representation of ADTs class Integer{ int x; public: void setX(const int x); int getX() const; } Integer - x : int + setX(int) + getX() : int

08 – UML Diagrams Arrows : navigability A has a pointer to B Numbers : multiplicity A has 2 instances of B A B A B 2

08 – UML Diagrams A and B are related B is part of A B is part of A, and B cannot exist without A A B A B A B

09 – Aggregation and Composition How to code aggregation and composition in C++ A B A B

10 - Inheritance Creating new classes based on previous ones class Animal { public: void walk(); }; class Cat : public Animal { public: void purr(); }; Animal has 1 function: walk Cat has 2 functions: purr walk

11 - Polymorphism Allowing objects to take many forms Animal *a = new Animal(); //OK Animal *b = new Cat(); //Also OK Function override, virtual functions

12 – Design principles What CAN we inherit? What SHOULD we inherit? HOW should we inherit? Inheritance vs Composition

Program Maintenance

07 - Testing What is unit testing? System vs Integration testing What is boundary testing? Black box vs white box testing Assert function

15 - Debugging Using the GDB debugger Debugger commands

14 - Exceptions try and catch syntax in C++ More design principles – When SHOULD we try and catch? – When SHOULDN’T we try and catch?

Design Patterns

16 – 19 - Design Patterns An algorithm is a standard step-by-step routine for solving a problem (e.g. quicksort) A data structure is a standard organization of data in memory (e.g. linked list) A design pattern is a standard object-oriented architectural layout (e.g. strategy pattern)

16 – 19 - Design Patterns Strategy Pattern SortStrategy sort() Quicksort sort() Mergesort sort() SortedArray sort() Element *

16 – 19 - Design Patterns Strategy Pattern Template Method Factory Method Observer Pattern Model View Controller Composite Pattern Iterator Pattern Decorator Pattern

STL

20 - Templates Classes that support multiple data types template class Stack{ … }; Stack integerStack; Stack floatStack;

21 – Generic Algorithms in STL #include – copy – find #include

21 – Generic Contains in STL #include More STL iterators