2.2 An English Settlement at Jamestown Objective: Learn the reasons for English Settlement at Jamestown Understand how Jamestown survived and the sources of conflict with Native Americans

COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAIN FRENCH(Dutch) ENGLAND Govt. supports colony Gold & God Plantations Conquer (Conquistadors/ Mestizos) Nominal Govt. support Trade Outposts/Forts Native Alliances Collaborative Private Corporations Settlements Colonies Punitive Conflict No mixing/ Separation / Destruction

Europeans in North America New France (Quebec 1608) First European to North America Vikings (c. 1001) First English settlement Roanoke 1587 (Walter Raleigh, Croatoan) Oldest English Colony: Jamestown (1607) Oldest European Colony St. Augustine 1565 (Spain: de Aviles)

Jamestown: Why here? ++

Jamestown Disastrous start John Smith Disease, starvation, and thoughts of gold (Sp. Model) Virginia Co. Investors wanted quick return January 1608 only 38 of 150 survived John Smith Took control of the settlement Work or get out Help of the Powhatan (Pocahontas story) Turned colony around October 1609 gunpowder “accident”=Starving time (winter 1609/1610) June 1610: 600 more Colonists sent to Jamestown (John Rolfe) Reaction of the Powhatan (less helpful/raids: WHY?)

Fate of Jamestown After starving time, colonists wanted to leave They were convinced to stay and work Forced, beaten and hung Grew into a profitable company, why? Tobacco, AKA “Brown Gold” (John Rolfe) “Headright” system / Indentured servants Result : Class Conflict African laborers Arrived in 1619 Initially treated as Indentured servants Benefits: Price and resistance to disease less indentured servants available By late 1600’s less indentured servants available

List some of the problems encountered by the English colonists at Roanoke and Jamestown:

Compare and Contrast Headright System, Indentured Servants, and African Slaves PAGES 46-47 Headright Servants Slaves

Map: European Settlements and Indians, 1754 Indian tribes 1750 http://www.sbg.ac.at/ges/people/wagnleitner/usa1/slide/early_settlements_1750.jpg

Map: Early Chesapeake Settlement Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Q: How was the English pattern of conquest different from that of the Spanish? A: Both used conquest, but the English did not intermarry with the Native Americans, did not attempt to convert them, and were not successful in making them into slaves.

Anglo-Powhatan Wars in VA 1614 Peace- Pocahontas & John Rolfe marry 1622, 347 settlers killed, incl. John Rolfe 1624 Made a royal colony by King James I More soldiers and settlers 1644, Powhatan defeated 1685, Powhatan extinct Disease, Disorganization, Disposability

Nathaniel Bacon Nathaniel Bacon Nathaniel Bacon came to Virginia as a gentleman in the 1670s, but his resentment of the economic and political domination of the colony by a small group of planters transformed him into a backwoods rebel. In 1676, Bacon led an army of discontented farmers, servants, and slaves against the powerful coastal planters--and almost won. Result: The reasoning was that Bacon’s Rebellion occurred as a result of class tension between poor and elite whites. These ruling southerners believed that the presence of a racially-based group of laborers who lacked freedom (slaves) would defuse class tension by instilling even the poorest whites with a sense of racial superiority. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reservd.

COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAIN FRENCH(Dutch) ENGLAND Govt. supports colony Gold & God Plantations Conquer (Conquistadors/ Mestizos) Nominal Govt. support Trade Outposts/Forts Native Alliances Collaborative Private Corporations Settlements Colonies Punitive Conflict No mixing/ separation.destruction

COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAIN ENGLAND Govt. supports colony Gold & God Plantations Conquer (Conquistadors/ Mestizos) Private Corporations Settlements Colonies Punitive Conflict No mixing/ separation.destruction

Virtual Jamestown game

Jamestown video