Concepts in Comparative Politics States
What is a state? An institution that monopolizes legal authority within a given territory Weber: States have a “monopoly on violence” Where does the state enter your life? States as Image and Practice Image: coherent, unified, above society Practice: made up of diverse people & agencies; linked to society in various ways
What are the 3 main attributes of a state? Sovereignty What is it? Who violates it? Legitimacy How is it earned and maintained? (Weber) Autonomy Real or imagined? Who impinges on state autonomy? (Marx)
What are the 5 main institutional parts of the state? Executive branch A “government” in CP usually refers ONLY to the head of the govt & the cabinet Legislative branch Judicial branch Bureaucracy Military
Key concepts: Early contributions from Karl Marx & Max Weber
Karl Marx Marx, Marx, an early picture.
Max Weber
Karl Marx – key ideas history as a class-based struggle (“materialist” conception of history) state as a “captive” of an economic elite (downplaying of the state) national interests & identities becoming subsumed to global market forces transformation of society: economics organizes society rather than the other way around
Max Weber – key contributions Definitions of states “Ideal type” categorizations of different types of states Why people obey states founder of modern sociology: developed methodology for studying societies so they could be compared to each other Emphasized need for conceptual frameworks and categories rather than simple description multi-causality: ideas and culture help shape economics and history. Politics is not all about economics!