CJS - Chapter 11 Rehab Hist: background and basic issues –Coercion issue –“Fit” issue 2 aspects (who? which prog?) –Evaluation issues (int/ext, short/long term) –“Net widening” issue (vs. “doing nothing”)

–Dropout and relapse issues –The key bigger issue now is “recidivism” (huge flood of released prisoners) Liberal dilemma – rehab doesn’t work Conserv dilemma – cost of “get tough” + it doesn’t work either and leads to disaster CJS - Chapter 11

Types of rehab programs (early to late): –Probation/Diversion (boot camps, etc.) –Prison programs (job, drug training, etc.) –Reentry programs –Parole (supervised release) Walker’s discussion – Chap 11 CJS - Chapter 11

What is rehabilitation and what is the principle strategy of rehab? Planned intervention to help offenders stop getting in trouble - speed up aging out Supervised reintegration to community CJS - Chapter 11

Why are community-based programs preferred by rehab proponents? –Familiar to offender –Closer to the offender’s family –Much cheaper than prison CJS - Chapter 11

How do celebrated cases distort public understanding of rehab? Failures often highly publicized Successes rarely publicized Makes problems seem intractable and fault of irresponsible individuals CJS - Chapter 11

Who was Robert Martinson and what is the “nothing works” controversy? No evidence that expensive programs work (Note: most evaluations were in-house evals) *** discuss this *** CJS - Chapter 11

How does the prediction problem relate to rehab programs? Important!! two issues: –Who are the good prospects for rehab? –Fitting prospects to the right program. CJS - Chapter 11

Who is Ted Palmer and what are “intermediate punishments”? “In between” incarceration and rehab Boot camps, mandatory drug rehab, etc. Combine punishment and “help” (note: coercion issue!) CJS - Chapter 11

“Diversion” and “net widening” Diversion - programs instead of jail/prison “Net Widening” - sending to program rather than “doing nothing” CJS - Chapter 11

Doing nothing allows aging out - which works. Doing anything else seems to backfire, whether it is prison, intermediate, or rehab. Rehab progs look for best prospects -- often “offenders” who would have been released (doing nothing). Getting “best prospects” into rehab means doing something instead of nothing, so this replaces an approach that works with approach that doesn’t! CJS - Chapter 11

What does W conclude about diversion? “Help” is not usually helpful Offenders regard it as harassment Outcome is failure and net widening CJS - Chapter 11

What is probation and what purposes does it serve? Most common sentence (most crimes petty) “Supervision” in community, not jail/prison Much cheaper than jail/prison CJS - Chapter 11

Outcomes (recidivism) no better than prison or doing nothing Supervision and “Services” are seen as harassment, obstacle to achieving normal life Doing nothing re petty crime is cheaper and works better, but we are not going to do it, so probation is the “practical” choice. CJS - Chapter 11

What does W conclude about probation? Doing nothing works and is cheaper but is not an option politically Prison is an expensive disaster Probation will continue to be widely used. CJS - Chapter 11

What is IPS - does it reduce recidivism? IPS means more “doing something” Seen as harassment, an obstacle Case loads too high to really help Doesn’t work - doesn’t decrease recidivism CJS - Chapter 11

Home Confinement & Electronic Monitoring - do they reduce recidivism? Don’t reduce recidivism Net widening problem again CJS - Chapter 11

Boot camps - do they reduce recidivism? Net widening again Short term improvement, long term no Boot camps are very expensive and don’t work Would aftercare solve the problems?? Some evidence CJS - Chapter 11

Why is parole a rehabilitation strategy - does regular parole reduce recidivism? Parole instead of prison - at end of term Same basic problems as probation CJS - Chapter 11

What is Intensive Parole Supervision - does it reduce recidivism? Same problems as Intensive Probation Supervision – seen as harassment, obstacle to normal life CJS - Chapter 11

How does the prediction problem relate to parole release? Best prospects for parole – guesswork – and is often unjust (e.g., history of racism) CJS - Chapter 11

Would abolishing parole reduce crime? Parole is being abolished now and replaced with longer prison terms (“truth in sentencing”) This doesn’t reduce crime rates and causes various other problems – binge, costs, higher recidivism rates, etc. CJS - Chapter 11

What is “faith-based treatment” – do these programs reduce recidivism? Religious programs -- no more effective than secular programs CJS - Chapter 11

Offender reentry programs over 700,000 a year!! 60-70% recidivism rates Future of rehab? doesn’t look good CJS - Chapter 11