Chapter 14 Satellite Motion

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 14 Satellite Motion

Basic Concept of Satellite Motion: A projectile has two components of motion (1) vertical distance d = ½ g t2 (2) horizontal distance d = v t If the vertical distance an object falls matches the curvature of the earth, then the object will orbit the earth as a satellite.

The Earth’s curves about 5 meters for every 8000 meters.

Orbits of Satellites (Circular) “In circular orbit the speed of a circling satellite is not changed by gravity. We can understand this by comparing a satellite in circular orbit to a bowling ball rolling along a bowling alley. Why doesn’t the gravity that acts on the bowling ball change its speed? The answer is that gravity is pulling neither forward nor backward – it pulls straight downward.” Hewitt, p. 202

Orbits of Satellites For satellites close to Earth, the time for a complete orbit is about 90 minutes For higher altitude orbits, the orbital speed is less and the period is longer The moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. It has a period of 27.3 days

Orbits of Satellites (Eliptical) A projectile that travels faster than 8 km/s will overshoot a circular path and trace an oval-shaped path or elipse “An elipse is a specific curve: the closed path taken by a point that moves in such a way that the sum of its distances from two fixed points is constant.” (p. 203)

Perigee (closest point) Apogee (farthest point)

Escape Velocity Velocity required to escape the pull of gravity from an object