National Crisis: State of Computer Science in K-12 Workforce projections, Advocacy, Resources STEMTech November 2, 2015 Joe Kmoch Milwaukee, WI 1

How many of you... How many of you teach computer science? How many of you teach at a school or in a district that teaches computer science classes? 2

How many of you... Are employed by a K-12 school or district Are employed by post secondary institution? How many of you involved with 2-year colleges have at least one computer science program (IT Development, Web Design, Cybersecurity, Game Design, etc)? 3

June 12, 2012 #NAFNext Quick activity 2 min: On the 3x5 card, based on your knowledge of your local high school or district, – Are there 1 or more computer science classes being taught? – If there are, are enough courses being offered? – If there aren’t, why do you think that’s the case? 3 min: Share out a few of the responses

June 12, 2012 #NAFNext Quick activity 3 minutes: On the 3x5 card, write 1 to 3 reasons why – You don’t have a computer science class in your school (if that’s the case) – You do have enough computer science classes in your school (if that’s the case) 3 minutes: Share out a few of the written responses Think about these responses as we talk about computer science in K-12 schools

June 12, 2012 #NAFNext This session – A big taste of information about cs careers and the lack of a pipeline to those careers – Time to think and talk about increasing that pipeline – Review some resources that might be able to help you

#NAFNext Three Challenges The computing community in the US faces three significant and interrelated challenges in maintaining a robust IT workforce 1.Underproduction 2.Underrepresentation 3.Lack of a presence in K-12 education (Jan Cuny, NSF CS10K Initiative) 7

June 12, 2012 W ORKFORCE AND P IPELINE I SSUES 8 8

June 12, 2012 T HE B RIGHT F UTURE F OR C OMPUTING J OBS 9

June 12, 2012 Total Employment in STEM in 2022 Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at 5 Million 4 Million 3 Million 2 Million 1 Million 0 Million Mathematics Physical Social Life Engineering Computing Sciences 10

June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Projected Annual Growth of Total STEM Job Openings Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at 11

June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Projected Annual Growth of NEWLY CREATED STEM Job Openings Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at 12

June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Top 10 STEM Occupations by Total Employment in 2020 Source: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at STEM is defined here to include non-medical occupations. 13

June 12, 2012 Computing and mathematics is one of the TOP 10 fastest growing major occupational groups ,000+ job openings in computing annually. 1 in every 2 STEM jobs will be in computing in Quick Facts about Computing Jobs Though 2020 Sources: Jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at Educational levels are calculated from BLS Occupational Projections Data, Employment , available at and the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook , available at

June 12, 2012 U.S. Employment through 2020 How Computing Stacks Up To Healthcare 22% job growth rate in computing jobs, as comparable to healthcare job growth rates ,000 projected shortfall in qualified health IT workers % of physicians to use electronic health records by 2019 as a result of the federal HITECH Act of * Healthcare practitioners and technicians Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), HITECH Programs, Congressional Budget Office, Analysis of HITECH Act of Growth Rates 15

June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Projected Growth of Selected STEM Jobs STEM Job 2010 Total Employment % Growth Average Annual Salary Engineering and Architectural Managers176,8009%$129,350 Computer and Information Systems Managers307,90018%$125,660 Aerospace Engineers81,0005%5%$103,870 Software Developers, Systems and Applications913,10030%$96,250 Biochemists and Biophysicists25,10031%$87,640 Civil Engineers262,80019%$82,710 Database Administrators110,80031%$77,350 Environmental Scientists89,40019%$68,810 Chemists82,2004%4%$74,780 Anthropologists and Archeologists6,10021%$59,040 Sources: Jobs data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at Salary data are from BLS Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2011, available at STEM is defined here to include non-medical occupations. 16

June 12, 2012 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics And These Are High Paying Jobs

June 12, 2012 P IPELINE OF T ALENT IN C OMPUTING 18

June 12, 2012 Where the STEM Jobs Will Be Degrees vs. Jobs Annually Sources: Degree data are calculated from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Science and Engineering Indicators 2014, available at Annual jobs data are calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Employment Projections , available at STEM is defined here to include non-medical degrees and occupations. Physical Social Life Engineering Computing Sciences Mathematics Sciences Annual Job Openings Ph.D. Degrees Master’s Degrees Bachelor’s Degrees Associate’s Degrees Annual Job Openings Ph.D. Degrees Master’s Degrees Bachelor’s Degrees Associate’s Degrees 19

June 12, 2012 Fewer CS majors than 10 years ago (and a shrinking % are women) Sources: National Science Foundation

June 12,

June 12, 2012 Computer Science: 2% of STEM students Computer Science: 60% of STEM jobs Sources: College Board, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Science Foundation

Thank you

June 12,

June 12, 2012

Products need diverse perspectives From June 4, 2012 Assoc Press article “Rockmelt CEO Eric Vishria says the competition to hire qualified women software engineers has heated up as companies see that they need diverse perspectives to build products that attract the widest audience. He said startups that don't hire women early in their existence risk creating a male- dominated culture that will put off potential female hires.” 27

The Picture in Wisconsin

Future Workforce (latest stats from ) Expected Growth in jobs is very high in CS/IT and Engineering CS/IT (us dept of labor: ) – 2012 actual: 3,682,300 – 2022 projected: 4,333,600 Engineers (us dept of labor: ) – 2012 actual: 1,589,600 – 2022 projected: 1,726,100 30

Projected Percentage Change in Jobs from 2012 to 2022 CS/IT, +18%, 651,300 new jobs – Software Developers & Programmers, +25% – Computer and Info Analysts, +26% – Database Sys Admins & Network Arch, +13% – Computer Support Specialists, +17% – Security Analyst, Web Dev, CS Res, others, +4% Engineers, +9%, 136,500 new jobs 31

Number of Job Openings due to Growth and Replacement through 2022 (in thousands) CS/IT, (651.3 growth repl) – Software Dev & Prog, 522 (279.5 gr repl) – Computer and Info Analysts, (155.2 gr repl) – DB Sys Admin & Network Arch, (130.6 gr repl) – Comp Support Specialists, (123.0 gr repl) Engineers, (136.5 growth, repl.) 32

That’s nice data, but so what? 34 *Slide is from Ed Lazowska The instructional practices and assessments discussed or shown are not an endorsement by ACM or the U.S. Department of Education.

How did we get to where we’re at in K-12? Perceptions of CS/IT job market Perceptions of the kind of jobs these are Budget cutting CS/IT courses deemed expendable, not required, not mainstream Results of schools reacting to NCLB

How did we get to where we’re at in K-12? Lack of courses Lack of trained and interested teachers Lack of professional development opportunities Cost of teacher certification Need for development of a national curriculum similar to PLTW (including courses, prof development, marketing) – focused more around computer science and computational thinking

What can we do? Get Involved... Advocate for CS & IT

But how??? Learn about advocacy and advising materials Use them in your classroom with students Talk with parents Talk with your principal and district administrators Talk with current students Visit middle school students Develop workshops for pre-high school students

Advocacy Small Group Activity Two resources: the CSTA Guide for Policy Makers and Imagine Your Future brochure Pick one of them and get into small groups If you have the policy brochure, – plan an advocacy event for a parents’ council or a school board meeting based on the brochure If you have the Imagine brochure – Think about how you could use this with kids – Or create an activity for your classroom Share out a couple of ideas for based on each brochure

A DVOCACY R ESOURCES 40

#NAFNext CSTA Advocacy CSALT – Computer Science Leadership Team – ALT.html ALT.html Advocacy Tools – vocacyTools.html vocacyTools.html Advocate Blog –

Code.org Advocacy Coalition Advocating for K-12 Computer Science Education Coalition of associations, corporations, scientific societies and other non-profits Advocate to elevate cs education to a core academic subject in K-12 education ACM, CSTA, Google, Microsoft, NCWIT, College Board, Facebook, … Several resource tools available

CSTA Chapter Local version of CSTA organization –Join CSTA free – csta.acm.org –Bi-monthly Newsletter –Members only discussion list Join your local chapter by joining national CSTA (free) If you don’t have one, start one!

NCWIT National Center for Women and Information Technology K-12 Alliance produces many materials Award for Aspirations in Computing Counselor materials Many other readable resources about computing, girls and underrepresented minorities in computing, what courses should I be taking, best practices See ncwitcstaresources.pbworks.com

NCWIT C4C materials Pathway Resources (handouts) –University, Two-year College, Military –Poster Counselor Talking Points Computing Education and Future Jobs: national, state and congressional district data Webinar, info sheet, upcoming slideshow

C LASSROOM R ESOURCES 49

Code.Org Multiple Entry Points  Hour of Code  K-12 programs  K-5 programs  CS in Algebra, CS in Science  High School Programs

at Code.org K-12 Over 30 experiences December 7-13, 2015 Csedweek.org Hour of Code

High School Computer Science  Exploring Computer Science  Year-long introductory course  Units on problem solving, web development, intro to programming, data analysis, robotics  Computer Science Principles  Units on digital representation of info, the Internet, programming, data

●Targeted to 9th and 10th grade. ●Broad introduction to computing concepts and computational thinking. ●Inquiry, Equity, Content ●Essential preparation for AP CSP. ●Can teach ECS in your area, without 405 CS endorsement. (Less than 25% programming content.) Site: Exploring Computer Science (ECS)

Six Modules: Human Computer Interaction Problem Solving Web Design Introduction to Programming Computation and Big Data Robotics

AP CS Principles AP course designed to be accessible to every student while building knowledge and skills that are endorsed by colleges and universities. Novel assessment – 25% Performance Task Based – 75% Computer-based Assessment Endorsed by College Board Site:

AP CS Principles – Computational Thinking Practices Connecting Computing – impacts and connections Creating Computational Artifacts – practical artifacts using appropriate techniques and algorithmic and information principles Abstracting – representing data, use in computation or modeling, identifying, modeling in computational context Analyzing Problems and Artifacts – evaluate a solution; find and correct errors, describe artifact functionality, justify appropriate and correctness Communicating – explaining the result, describe computation, summarize purpose Collaborating – work together, share workload, fosters constructive climate, exchange knowledge, revise and rework

AP CS Principles – Big Ideas Computing is a creative activity Abstraction reduces information and detail to facilitate focus on relevant concepts Data and information facilitate the creation of knowledge Algorithms are used to develop and express solutions to computational problems Programming enables problem solving, human expression, and creation of knowledge The Internet pervades modern computing Computing has global impacts

AP Computer Science A Traditional entry into CS major Redesigned for – Suggested labs – Case study removed – Allows 20% more time for inquiry and project based learning – Deep dive into Java programming

Other K-8 CS resources Introduction to programming 3D Programming environment Create animations Tell a story, create a game or video Object-oriented

Alice Environment

Program your own interactive stories, games, animations Share your creations with others online Learn to think creatively, reason systematically and work collaborative.

High School level Simulation and Gaming Approaches – Lots of resources but few total courses out there – Greenfoot – GameMaker – AppInventor – StarLogo – Xbox – Kodu

Site:

IT Career Cluster Includes all of career noted in US Dept of Labor as Computing Careers Four pathways – Programming and Software Development – Information Support and Services – Web and Digital Communication – Network Systems – –

Why offer the IT Career Cluster? To represent the whole of computing, consider offering a course in each pathway in addition to Programming Computer Science Concepts (computational thinking) pervades all Computing careers (and almost all other careers)

Possibilities Info Systems/Database Database: Oracle Academy (free) Desktop support – A+ books and 2 yr college prog Network Systems Cisco Academy, Net+ Web Design/Interactive Media Various online courses and books

Resources: This presentation: NCWIT (National Center for Women and Information Technology) and other CS&IT Resources: Computational Thinking: Thank you! 72

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