Perspectives on Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 1 PRESENTED TO: BioDefense Seminar George Mason University October 23, 2008 UNCLASSIFIED DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED

Overview _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 2 Perspective Challenges Context

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense The Way We Were… _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 3

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense THE THREAT IS REAL _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 4 THREAT VIDEO

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense ‘Key Judgments’ on Terrorist Threat to US _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 5 “We Assess that Al Qaeda Will Continue to Try to Acquire and Employ Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or Nuclear Material in Attacks and Would Not Hesitate to Use Them if it Develops What it Deems is Sufficient Capability.” -July 2007 National Intelligence Estimate on “The Terrorist Threat to the U.S. Homeland ”

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense The “Headlines” _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 6

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 7 “It’s clear the United States and our allies will continue to be threatened by violent extremists, almost always operating in countries with which we are not at war. The ambition of these networks to acquire chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons is real, as is their desire to launch more attacks on our country and on our interests around the world.” Robert M. Gates – July 2007 United States Secretary of Defense

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU National Response – Policy and Guidance National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction Articulates a Strategy Built Upon the Three Pillars of Nonproliferation, Counterproliferation, and Consequence Management National Security Strategy (NSS) – “Prevent our Enemies From Threatening Us, Our Allies, and Our Friends with Weapons of Mass Destruction National Military Strategy to Combat WMD (NMS- CWMD) Amplifies the Strategy in the NSS and Provides a Framework for Combating WMD to DoD Components 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report Identifies Four Priorities: Defeat Terrorist Networks, Defend the Homeland, Shape Choices of Countries at Strategic Crossroads, and Prevent Acquisition or Use of WMD

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Strategic Military Framework _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 9

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Military Mission Areas _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 10

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Terminology Matters: What Are We Talking About? Nonproliferation: Preventing Actors From Acquiring Non- Conventional Weapons – NPT is Primary Vehicle: 187 Parties to the Treaty Counterproliferation: Steps Taken After Proliferation Has Already Occurred – “Actions to defeat the threat or use of weapons of mass destruction against the United States, U.S. Armed Forces, its allies and partners.” National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction, February Consequence Management: Those measures taken to protect public health and safety, restore essential government services, and provide emergency relief to governments, businesses, and individuals affected by the consequences of a chemical, biological, nuclear, and/or high-yield explosive situation _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 11

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Terminology Matters: What Are We Talking About? (Cont’d) Homeland Security – The preparation for, prevention of, deterrence of, preemption of, defense against, and response to threats and aggressions directed towards US territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and infrastructure; as well as crisis management, consequence management, and other domestic civil support. Homeland Defense – The protection of US territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression. Civil Support – Department of Defense support to US civil authorities for domestic emergencies, and for designated law enforcement and other activities _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 12

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Layered Defense Approach _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 13 National Strategy Non- proliferation Counterproliferation Consequence Management CWCBWC Stopped by Threat Control & Threat Reduction Stopped by Threat Control & Threat Reduction Stopped by Deterrence Deterrence Counterforce & Elimination Stopped by Counterforce & Elimination Stopped by ActiveDefense ActiveDefense PassiveDefense PassiveDefense ConsequenceManagementRestorationOperationsConsequenceManagementRestorationOperations Interdiction Interdiction Adversary’s WMD Capability

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU ’s1950’s1960’s1970’s1980’s1990’s2000 ? ? ? US, USSR UK, France China, Israel India, South Africa Pakistan DPRK Desert Storm 9/11 Chem/Bio Threat Proliferation Security Initiative National Strategy to Combat WMDs 2002/ 2006 Defense Counter- Proliferation Initiation IATA “Additional Protocol” Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty Mutual Assured Destruction Nuclear Threat

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Challenge: Deterrence Theory and the New Strategic Context _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 15 How Do We Deter Those Adversaries With Nothing to Protect and For Whom “Risk” Is Not a Factor?

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense New Strategic Context New Theory of War Based on Information Age Principles and Phenomena New Relationship Between Operations Abroad and Homeland Security New Concept/Sense of Security in the American Citizen Broadened Threat Context – State/Non-State – Nodal/Non-Nodal – Symmetric/Asymmetric – Traditional/Unrestricted Globalization of Technology and Expertise – Disintegration of Western Oligopoly on Dual-Use Technology _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 16

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense What Satellites Can’t See _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 17

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense An Unbounded Problem? _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 18 No Clear Enemy Success is Measured by Things That “Don’t Happen” No Front Line No Set Definition of Victory

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Operationalizing the Strategy – Preventing the Acquisition or Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction Special Operations Forces to Locate, Characterize and Secure WMD The Capability to Deploy, Sustain, Protect, Support and Re- Deploy Special Operations Forces Globally Capabilities to Locate, Tag and Track WMD Capabilities to Detect Fissile Materials Capabilities and Specialized Teams to Render Safe and Secure WMD Joint Command and Control Tailored for WMD Elimination The Capability to Shield Critical and Vulnerable Systems from EMP _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 19

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Operationalizing the Strategy – Defending the Homeland in Depth Joint Command and Control for Homeland Defense and Civil Support Missions Air and Maritime Domain Awareness Capabilities Capabilities to Manage the Consequences of Major Catastrophic Events Broad Spectrum Medical Countermeasures Tailored Deterrence, Including Global Strike Capabilities to Defend and Respond in an Overwhelming Manner Against Attacks New/Expanded Authority to Use Guard or Reserve Forces in the Event of a Man-Made or Natural Disaster _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 20

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense U.S. Domestic National Preparedness Priorities Expand Regional Collaboration Implement the National Incident Management System and Response Plan Information Sharing and Collaborating Capabilities Interoperable Communications Capabilities CBRNE Detection, Response and Decontamination Capabilities Medical Surge and Mass Prophylaxis Capabilities Planning and Citizen Preparedness Capabilities National Preparedness Guidelines Department of Homeland Security (DHS) September _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 21

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense National Preparedness Guidelines Fifteen Planning Scenarios 1600 Unique Tasks to Prevent, Protect, Respond, and Recover from Major Events 37 Specific Capabilities for Communities, Private Sector, and Government Organize and Synchronize National Efforts Guide Investments Establish Metrics _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 22

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Where Does the Military Fit? _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 23 National Security Strategy National Strategy for Homeland Security National Defense Strategy Strategy for Homeland Defense and Civil Support Prevent WMD Threats Transform Institutions Prevent Attacks/ Reduce Vulnerability/ Minimize Damage/ Recover Secure From Direct Attack Strengthen Alliances Continuous Transformation Deter Threats Active, Layered Defense Capabilities Based 10 Year Time Frame Protect Through Active Layered Defense DoD Provides Support to a Lead Federal Agency when Directed ACTIVITIES OBJECTIVES CAPABILITIES HERE AND HERE HERE

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 24 Mission The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense is Responsible for Research, Development, Acquisition, Fielding, and Life-cycle Support of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Equipment, Medical Countermeasures, and Installation and Force Protection Supporting the National Military Strategy

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Joint Program Executive Office Areas of Responsibility _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 25 Total Life Cycle Management Vaccines Treatments Diagnostics Chemical & Biological Agent Detection Individual Protection Collective Protection Decontamination Weapons of Mass Destruction – Civil Support Installation/ Force Protection Information Systems

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense System of Systems Approach to Counter the Threat _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 26 Medical Pretreatment Contamination Avoidance and NBC Battle Management (Detection, Identification, Reconnaissance & Warning) Medical Treatment Information Systems Individual & Collective Protection Installation Force Protection CB Threats & Hazards Agent Delivery Agent Delivery Doses on Target Doses on Target Downwind Dispersal Downwind Dispersal Doses Absorbed Doses Absorbed Symptoms Sustained Combat Power Decontamination, Restoration

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Bringing Homeland Security & Defense Together An Example: _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 27 National Response Plan Homeland Security Presidential Directives National Security Strategy Installation Protection Program Bridging the Gap Civil CommunityMilitary Community Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Department of Defense (DoD) −Instructions −Directives −Homeland Defense Strategy −Anti Terrorism/ Force Protection Policy −All Hazards −National Incident Management System −All Hazards −BioWatch −BioNet −Grant Programs

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Installation Protection Program (IPP) _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 28 Capabilities: Integrated and Effective Civil- Military Protection –Respond and Recover –Effective and Affordable Detection Warning Decontamination Information Management Medical Protection, Surveillance, and Response Over 200 Installations Worldwide

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU JPEO-CBD Fielding Critical Civil Support Systems Assured, Secure Communications are Critical to Effective Incident Response Unified Command Suite Fielded to Civil Support Teams Provided Critical Support During Hurricane Katrina National Guard Civil Support Team (CST) Unified Command Suite (UCS)

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU DHS Monitoring GUARDIAN USPS Centers National WMD Detection Architecture Leverages DoD and Civilian Assets 31 Approx. Locations 185 Installations 225 Approx. Locations Combined Efforts = National Protection _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 30

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Coalition Warfare Interoperability Demonstration 2007 – Integrated Information Management System _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 31

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Challenges _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 32

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Forcing the Process _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 33 Defense Fed Acq Regs Fed Acq Regs DoD 5000 PPB&S Laws Interagency Process Interagency Process Oversight Policy

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Maintaining Balance _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 34

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Bringing Homeland Security & Defense Together An Example: _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 35 National Response Plan Homeland Security Presidential Directives National Security Strategy Installation Protection Program Bridging the Gap Civil CommunityMilitary Community Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Department of Defense (DoD) −Instructions −Directives −Homeland Defense Strategy −Anti Terrorism/ Force Protection Policy −All Hazards −National Incident Management System −All Hazards −BioWatch −BioNet −Grant Programs

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD) HSPD-1 Organization and Operation of the Homeland Security Council (HSC) HSPD-2 Combating Terrorism Through Immigration Policies HSPD-3 Homeland Security Advisory System HSPD-4 (Classified) HSPD-5 Management of Domestic Incidents HSPD-6 Integration and Use of Screening Information HSPD-7 Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization and Protection HSPD-8 National Preparedness _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 36

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD) (Cont’d) HSPD-9 Defense of United States Agriculture and Food HSPD-10 BioDefense for the 21 st Century HSPD-11 Comprehensive Terrorist-Related Screening Procedures HSPD-12 Policy for a Common Identification Standard for Federal Employees and Contractors HSPD-13 Maritime Security Policy HSPD-14 Domestic Nuclear Detection _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 37

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense National Biomonitoring Notification Architecture _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 38

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Establishing Interagency Biological Assay Equivalency As Part of National Bio-Monitoring Architecture MOU, DOD, DHS and CDC are Establishing Equivalency of Environmental Biological Assays Comparative Testing Across Assays will be Completed in the Fall of 2007 Completes Key Component of Architecture Roadmap to Achieve DoD/Civilian Interoperability _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 39

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Mass Casualty Decontamination Challenge _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 40 How do you go from decontaminating a few ambulatory, protected responders… …to hundreds of incapacitated, unprotected civilians?

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Building Decontamination Challenge _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 41 We need to decontaminate military platforms…. …. and also civilian buildings

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Large Scale Hazard Mapping Challenge CBR Hazards Not Always Visible Need to Assure Worried Citizens That Areas are Safe for Reoccupation Technical Challenges in Environmental Sampling and Processing Throughput JPEO Working with DHS and EPA – Interagency Biological Restoration Demonstration (IBRD, Seattle) – Validating Environmental Sampling Methods for Decon Assurance _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 42 Where is the Hazard?

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Investment Convergence _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 43

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Investment Convergence _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 44

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Summary Defeat those who seek to harm the US, its Allies and Partners through Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) or Threat of Use. A Nation Prepared with Coordinated Capabilities to: - Prevent - Protect Against - Respond - Recover From all Hazards, Balancing Risks with Resources and Need _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 45

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Questions/ Discussion -- Plan 9 From Outer Space, 1959 Colonel: This is the most fantastic story I’ve ever heard! Pilot: And every word of it’s true, too. Colonel: That’s the fantastic part of it! _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 46

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense Good Luck! _BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 47

UNCLASSIFIED Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense _DAU_Exec_Refresh 48