Digital Workflow What is meant by Digital Workflow?

Digital Workflow refers to the steps in the process of capturing, managing and editing images

IMAP New applications have been created to specifically for Image Management and processing Lightroom is the Adobe Application Aperture is the Mac Application IMAP stands for Image Management and Processing

What steps are involved in capturing images?

check to see if the lens is clean Is the battery charged? Is the memory card inserted Does the card have enough space for more images Check the camera settings

What steps are involved in storing and organizing images?

Transfer the images to a folder Create subfolders for specific projects, events or assignments

The next step is editing the image. What are some tasks you might perform at this step?

Use Photoshop or other editing program to - improve color, exposure, sharpness Reduce flaws change the size Change the file format To alter it creatively with filters

How can you share photos?

Sharing Photos Printing ing Posting to a web site Put images in a slide show

What are some archiving considerations? Do you want to copy images to a new location or delete them from the card and computer and archive images to a CD?

What is one of the most important considerations in the digital workflow?

What file format to use JPEG- very common, compresses the file to reduce the size so that it does not require huge amounts of drive space RAW- best possible quality captures huge amount of image data you have a great deal of control over the exposure (digital negative) The Nikon format is named NEF DNG –(Digital negative) Generic RAW format TIFF- larger than JPEG produce good quality images

What 4 camera settings permanently affect a RAW image?

Aperture Shutter Speed ISO Focus All other settings can be changed on the computer

What is file compression?

To make file size smaller, images can be compressed (some pixels with the same colors are eliminated) Lossless compression- Provides a small amount of file size reduction. Lossy compression- provides a great deal of file size reduction but degrades the image over a period of time (opening and reopening causes pixel loss)

Color Depth

The depth of color in an image depends on your camera and settings Color depth is determined by the number of bits used to store each of a pixels three colors –red green and blue. (Bits are Binary digits ; a 0 or 1 and are the basic unit of information storage and communication in digital computing.)

JPEG’s color depth Each of a pixels 3 colors (Red, Green and Blue)use 8 bits color. For each 8 bits of color 256 levels of brightness can be displayed Red8 bitsCaptures 256 levels of brightness Green8 bitsCaptures 256 levels of brightness Blue8 bitsCaptures 256 levels of brightness together24 bitsCaptures 16,777,216 levels of brightness

RAW format’s color depth A raw image can capture over 281 trillion levels of brightness. Red16 bitsCaptures 65,536 levels of brightness Green16 bitsCaptures 65,536 levels of brightness Blue16 bitsCaptures 65,536 levels of brightness together48 bitsCaptures 281,474,976, levels of brightness

RAW advantages RAW advantages Let’s you decide on most camera settings after the image has been taken Create multiple versions with different settings Like a negative can be stored until a later date

RAW disadvantages Large file size Might cause delay in shooting time You might not want to process most of the settings on the computer You need to convert them (save the images in another format before ing uploading etc…) since most applications will not open a RAW file.

Storage in-camera Flash memory cards ◦ 2 types  Compact flash –about the size of a matchbook  Secure digital-smaller and thinner,very common Memory Stick ◦ Sony (proprietary format) Hard Drive- fixed memory inside the camera

Image storage in the computer Drive- fixed storage in the computer Folder- organizes files on a drive Image filenames- two parts ◦ 8 character name IMG_1234 ◦ 3 character extension.jpg Trees- folders branch off from the drive Paths- the entire string of information includes the drive letter, the folder name, the filename and extension

Transferring Images Card readers- available in printers or usb devices Cable connections WiFi Infrared Bluetooth End of reading

Storing Images on CD or DVD Optical Disks ◦ CD- 700 megabytes ◦ DVD- 4 gigs ◦ Two sided disks becoming available Archival considerations ◦ How long will images survive on the media? Compatibility- ◦ Be careful with DVD+ or DVD – they are different formats and will not work interchangeably.

Burning a CD or DVD requires software Label the CD so that it is named when you open it on your computer Label it physically on the disc with sharpie or label system

Storing images on the road Think ahead Take a laptop store to the hard drive upload to an image sharing site

Image Managers Lightroom Picasa Adobe Bridge Others…………..

Metadata Exif – Exchangeable File Format ◦ Spells out information about how an image stored, what settings were used, when the image was taken, the date and time Non-destructive editing ◦ NEF (RAW) format-allows you to export the image to Photoshop and never touch the original image ◦ XMP- contains the metadata (EXIF)  You can send this along with an image

Photographers workflow The bottom of page 65 lists the photographers workflow steps

Evaluating Your Images Size and orientation Cropping Rotating The tonal range (dynamic range) ◦ Using a histogram ◦ Visually ◦ Color  Hue  Saturation  Lightness

Histograms Each pixel in an image can be set to any of the 256 levels of brightness from pure black to pure white The horizontal axis represents the range of brightness from The vertical axis represents the number of pixels with each of the 256 brightness values

Examine an image with a histogram After looking at the sample on screen open an image in Photoshop Create a new adjustment layer/levels name the layer unaltered Look at the distribution of pixels Alter the brightness and contrast of the image Create a second adjustment layer/levels named altered. Look at the levels now. How did they change?

Photo- Editing F-64 ◦ A group of photographers in the 1930’s that included Ansel Adams that promoted straight photography ◦ This was a movement against heavily manipulated photos F-64 thought that photos that are significantly altered belong in the realm of the graphic arts not photography. Straight photography does not mean you don’t try to improve an image’s tonal range and detail The extent you alter a photo depends on the intended purpose of the image.

Photo- Editing Local Editing

Color Management