Imperialism Around the World

Japan  In the 1850s, the United States won trading rights and were given extraterritoriality from Japan  Extraterritoriality: the right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own country  In 1867, daimyo and samurai leaders restored the emperor to power  The period from 1868 to 1912 is known as the Meiji Restoration  During this period, the Japanese were successful in two separate wars: The Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War  Japan modernized very quickly because the Japanese had a strong sense of identity (they were homogeneous)  During the Meiji Restoration, many things improved  Western-style government  Banking system  Built railroads  Communication  Education

Canada  Canada’s first European rulers were the French, but they lost power to Britain in 1763  In 1791, Britain passed The Canada Act which created two provinces (one French-speaking, one English-speaking)  In 1840, Parliament passed the Act of Union which gave Canada an elected legislature and limited self-rule  Finally in 1867, Parliament passed the British North America Act, creating a self-governing Dominion of Canada

Australia  In 1770, Australia was claimed for Britain  To fulfill the need for prisons, Britain turned Australia into a penal colony  Later settlers arrived in the 1800s with the promise of land  In 1901, Britain helped the colonies of Australia unite into the independent Commonwealth of Australia

New Zealand  In 1796, New Zealand was claimed for Britain  The indigenous (native) population of New Zealand were the Maoris  Fierce wars broke out between British settlers and the Maoris  In 1907, New Zealand won independence from Britain  What to Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have in common???

Latin America  Much of Latin America achieved independence from Spain in the 1800s but were unable to unite because of regionalism  Private armies led by caudillos ( local strongmen ) resisted the central government  Latin America was economically dependent on Spain and Portugal during colonial times  After independence, Latin America began to trade with Britain and the United States  In 1832, President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine to avoid an “entangling alliance” with Britain and stop Spain from recovering its former colonies  In 1904, the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States had “international police power” in the western hemisphere  In 1903, construction began on the Panama Canal  Wanted to link the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean

Berlin Conference Activity

Colonization of Africa  Why Africa??  Bordered by water on all sides  Natural resources  Those who wanted to colonize Africa needed rules to follow!  Berlin Conference was a meeting of 14 nations to establish ground rules, discuss territorial disputes, and end confusion over the control of Africa  Held in Berlin from November 1884-February 1885

Your Mission  You and your group will be chosen to represent a country at the Berlin Conference  You and your group members will write a proposal for the colonization of Africa (See packet page 4)  The proposal will include:  Your country’s name  2 rules that countries should follow when colonizing the land  Shade the attached Africa map with your given marker  Give 2-3 reasons for why your country wants the area  Give 2-3 reasons why other countries should give you those areas

Helpful Hints:  First, read the information about your given country  See the three maps handed out to your group  These maps include areas of various natural resources, cities, as well as existing territories  BE AMBITIOUS!  Ask for a bit more than you want, you never know… you may get it!  All members will participate in the activity and will have a special role.  Some roles are:  Someone to write the proposal on page 4 of the packet  Someone to color in the map on page 5 of the packet  Someone to be the delegate to shade in the Conference map

Berlin Conference Day 2

Acting out the Conference  Pick one group member to be your conference delegate  This person will argue on the behalf of your country  Review the colonization proposal you filled out on Page 4  Each delegate will present their 2-3 reasons why they wanted the area they colored  Any other delegate will have the opportunity to respond ONLY WHEN THE OTHER PERSON IS DONE SPEAKING AND ONLY IF THEY RAISE THEIR HAND  Every country will have the chance to speak

The Actual Berlin Conference  Open your textbook to page 321  On the given map, color in the territory that each country received at the Berlin Conference  You do not need to label each territory  Create a colored key in the corner of your outline map  After you have finished coloring the map, get back together with your group  Answer the Berlin Conference Question on page 6 of your packet