YESHA PATEL. GENERAL What is it? Highly contagious viral infection that can lead to paralysis What causes it? poliomyelitis virus that targets motor.

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Presentation transcript:

YESHA PATEL

GENERAL What is it? Highly contagious viral infection that can lead to paralysis What causes it? poliomyelitis virus that targets motor neurons Who gets it? Young and vulnerable Clinically suspected in those with Acute onset of flaccid paralysis Absent tendon reflexes

CLASSIFICATION Symptomatic Nonparalytic polio Paralytic polio (~0.1 – 2% of case) Spinal polio Bulbar polio Bulbospinal polio Asymptomatic (~95% of cases)

SYMPTOMS General Headache Sore throat Fever Vomiting General discomfort Non-paralytic Abnormal reflexes Difficulty swallowing Joint stiffness Muscle tenderness Paralytic Loss of reflexes Severe spasms and muscle pain Floppy limbs Sudden paralysis Deformed limbs

TREATMENT No cure for polio Goal of treatment: relieve symptoms Antibiotics Analgesics Long term rehabilitation Occupational and physical therapy Corrective braces, shoes Surgery

TRANSMISSION Highly contagious Primarily spreads via the fecal-oral route. Occasionally oral-oral route Most infectious 7-10 days before and after appearance of symptoms Immune deficiency, malnutrition, and injury increase risk of transmission and infection Can cross maternal-fetal barrier

PREVENTION Passive immunization Purified gamma globulin from survivors Vaccines 3 types Inactivated poliovirus vaccine Salk Vaccine Live and attenuated poliovirus vaccine Sabin Vaccine Oral polio vaccine

POLIO 1996

POLIO TODAY

Proportion of children seroconverting to each serotype after 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), plotted against age at administration. Grassly N C J Infect Dis © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Proportion of children seroconverting to each serotype after 2 doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), plotted against age at administration of the first dose. Grassly N C J Infect Dis © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

REFERENCES Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Global Health – Polio. Web. Accessed 20 March Grassly N C J Infect Dis Johnson, Shannon. Polio. Healthline Web. Accessed 20 March Poliomyelitis (2011). PubMed Health. Smithsonian. How the Poliovirus Works. Web. Accessed 26 March World Health Organizaiton. Health Topics – Poliomyelitis (Polio). Web. Accessed 20 March