Electric-Dipole Moment Searches * Philip Harris *(mainly neutron)

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Presentation transcript:

Electric-Dipole Moment Searches * Philip Harris *(mainly neutron) Room-temperature nEDM expt: latest results CryoEDM: upcoming, 100x sensitivity Other EDM expts

Electric Dipole Moments EDMs are P odd T odd Complementary approach to study of CPv; probe new physics SM predictions v. small; other models typ. 106 larger... + E dn = dn s

Generating EDMs E.g. in SUSY: g Assumptions: gg’a, sin(f)1, L200 GeV Gives u, d quark EDMs  3x10-24 ecm 100 x current limit “SUSY CP” problem g coupling const g squark g’eif q q gaugino

Constraints on SUSY parameters MSUSY = 500 GeV tan b = 3 Pospelov & Ritz, hep-ph/0504231

SUSY, cont’d Lebedev et al., hep-ph/0402023

Measurement principle Use (Ramsey) NMR on ultracold neutrons in B, E fields B0 B0 E B0 E <Sz> = + h/2 h(0) h() h() <Sz> = - h/2 () – () = – 4 E d/ h assuming B unchanged when E is reversed. Level splitting we can resolve: <10-21 eV

Apparatus High voltage lead Magnetic shielding Magnetic field coil B Storage cell Approx scale 1 m S N Magnet & polarizing foil /analysing foil Ultracold neutrons (UCN) UCN detector

Apparatus HV feedthru Neutron storage chamber B-field coils

nEDM measurement Keep track of neutron resonant frequency Look for n freq changes correlated with changes in E Electric Field + - This slide is a quick summary slide for short talks.

Mercury co-magnetometer Compensates B drift... This slide is a quick summary slide for short talks.

nEDM measurement T Raw neutron frequency Corrected frequency 29.9295 Corrected frequency 29.9290 29.9285 This slide is a quick summary slide for short talks. 29.9280 -10 Precession frequency (Hz) D B = 10 T 29.9275 29.9270 29.9265 29.9260 5 10 15 20 25 Run duration (hours)

New systematic Two effects: and, from Special Relativity, extra motion-induced field

Geometric Phase Bnet ... so particle sees additional rotating field J. Pendlebury et al., PRA 70 032102 (2004) P. Harris, J. Pendlebury, PRA 73 014101 (2006) Bnet Br Bnet ... so particle sees additional rotating field Bv Bottle (top view) Frequency shift  E Looks like an EDM Unique signature: can eliminate it

Error budget (10-26 e.cm) Effect Shift Uncertainty Statistical 1.51 1.51 Door cavity dipole; quadrupole fields -1.10 0.45 Other GP dipole shifts 0.60 (E x v)/c2 from translation 0.05 (E x v)/c2 from rotation 0.10 Light shift: direct & GP 0.35 0.08 B fluctuations 0.24 E forces – distortion of bottle 0.04 Tangential leakage currents 0.01 AC B fields from HV ripple 0.001 Hg atom EDM 2nd order Exv 0.002 Total –0.75 1.51 stat, 0.80 sys

Final Result New limit: |dn| < 3.0 x 10-26 e.cm (90% CL) (prev. limit 6.3 x 10-26 e.cm, PRL 82, 904 (1999)) Preprint hep-ex/0602020 provisional acceptance PRL www.neutronedm.org

2. CryoEDM 100-fold improvement in sensitivity! More neutrons ln = 8.9 Å; E = 1.03 meV Landau-Feynman dispersion curve for 4He excitations Dispersion curve for free neutrons R. Golub and J.M. Pendlebury Phys. Lett. 53A (1975), Phys. Lett. 62A (1977) More neutrons Higher E field Better polarisation Longer coherence time 100-fold improvement in sensitivity!

CryoEDM overview Neutron beam input Cryogenic Ramsey chamber Transfer section

Cryogenic Ramsey chamber HV electrode HV feed Superfluid He n storage cells (eventually 4)

CryoEDM Turns on October 2006

3. Other EDM experiments: PSI spallation target D2O moderator currently testing apparatus from ILL

Other nEDM experiments: USA SNS at ORNL LANL-led testing underway not yet funded

Electron EDM: Berkeley State analyser laser Use unpaired e- in paramagnetic atom Pairs of Tl beams in opposite E fields Na beams as comagnetometer Down beam Up beam E field B field Final result: de<1.6 x 10-27 e.cm (systematics limited) State preparation laser

Electron EDM measurements Group System Advantages Projected gain D. Weiss (Penn St.) Trapped Cs Long coherence ~100! D. Heinzen (Texas) H. Gould (LBL) Cs fountain ? L. Hunter (Amherst) GdIG solid Huge S/N 100? S. Lamoreaux (LANL) C.-Y. Liu (Indiana) GGG solid 100?-100,000? E. Hinds (Imperial) YbF beam Large Internal E 3, then 30 D. DeMille (Yale) PbO* cell Int.E+good S/N 30-1,000? E. Cornell (JILA) trapped HBr+ Int. E + long T ?? N. Shafer-Ray (Okla.) trapped PbF (This slide mainly from DeMille, PANIC ’05)

Imperial College Electron EDM experiment J.J.Hudson, B.E. Sauer, M.R. Tarbutt, & E.A. Hinds, PRL. 89, 023003 (2002). Molecule interferometer detection laser PMT state recombiner Pulsed supersonic YbF beam source state splitter pulsed YAG laser Yb target Ar+SF6 skimmer E B pump laser Now taking data Studying systematics Results soon

199Hg EDM Optically pumped 199Hg atoms precess in B, E fields, modulating absorption signal Dual cells remove effect of drifts in B Result: d(199Hg) < 2.1 x 10-28 e cm Provides good limit on CPv effects in nuclear forces, inc. qQCD

... and more! Muon EDM: from g-2 (7E-19; proposal at JPARC for ~10-24) Deuterium EDM: similar principle (may reach ~10-29 e.cm) Tau weak dipole moment – look for CP-odd observables in diff. x-sec at Z res. (6E-18 e.cm from LEP data) Sensitivity to physics BSM depends on source of CPv

Conclusions New nEDM limit, 3.0 x 10-26 e.cm Tightens the constraints on beyond-SM CPv Systematics understood as never before CryoEDM coming soon – 100x more sensitive Several new measurements starting up Watch this space!

spare slides

Cryogenic Ramsey chamber HV electrode Superfluid He n storage cells

Ramsey method of Separated Oscillating Fields 4. 3. 2. 1. Free precession... Apply /2 spin flip pulse... “Spin up” neutron... Second /2 spin flip pulse.

Ramsey resonance “2-slit” interference pattern Phase gives freq offset from resonance

nEDM apparatus Four-layer mu-metal shield High voltage lead Quartz insulating cylinder Coil for 10 mG magnetic field Upper electrode Main storage cell Hg u.v. lamp PMT to detect Hg u.v. light Vacuum wall Mercury prepolarising cell RF coil to flip spins Magnet UCN polarising foil UCN guide changeover Ultracold neutrons (UCN) UCN detector

Neutron EDM results (binned) Stat. limit now 1.51 x 10-26 e.cm

Neutron EDM results (individual runs) What’s going on here, for example?

Geometric Phase How to measure it Consider Should have value 1 R is shifted by magnetic field gradients Plot EDM vs measured R-1:

Geometric Phase Magnetic field down

Geometric Phase Magnetic field up

Results EDM The answer? B up B down R-1 Nearly...

Small dipole/quadrupole fields Results Small dipole/quadrupole fields can pull lines apart & add GP shifts EDM B up R-1 B down

Small dipole/quadrupole fields Results Small dipole/quadrupole fields can pull lines apart & add GP shifts EDM B up R-1 Measure and apply correction ...difficult! B down

History Factor 10 every 8 years on average Now CryoEDM

Other nEDM experiments: Mainz Testing UCN source at TRIGA, Mainz for later installation at FRM, Munich

The interference fringes Fluorescence signal The interference fringes EDM given by fringe shift with reversal of E or B Magnetic field (nT) Data being taken now. Systematics being studied. de = _ ± 5 x 10-28 e.cm Current status: de = _ ± 5 x 10-29 e.cm Expected 2010: