Using Alcohol and Other Drugs Classifying Drugs. Psychoactive Drugs Chemical substances that serve to alter mood, thought processes and/or behavior. Chemical.

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Presentation transcript:

Using Alcohol and Other Drugs Classifying Drugs

Psychoactive Drugs Chemical substances that serve to alter mood, thought processes and/or behavior. Chemical substances that serve to alter mood, thought processes and/or behavior. Substances used to manage illness. Substances used to manage illness.

Classifying Drugs Therapeutic vs. Non-therapeutic Therapeutic vs. Non-therapeutic Legal vs. Illegal Legal vs. Illegal Recreational vs. medicinal Recreational vs. medicinal Mechanism of action Mechanism of action Behavioral Effects Behavioral Effects

Classifying Drugs Ultimately as practiced the classification of drugs is political/social as much as it is scientific. Ultimately as practiced the classification of drugs is political/social as much as it is scientific. Two main classifications Two main classifications SchedulingScheduling Behavioral EffectsBehavioral Effects

Drug Schedule Current schedule system has 5 schedules based on: Current schedule system has 5 schedules based on: SafetySafety Medical UseMedical Use Abuse PotentialAbuse Potential

Schedule I Includes heroin, LSD, and marijuana Includes heroin, LSD, and marijuana The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.

Schedule II Includes morphine, used as a pain-killer, and cocaine, used as a topical anesthetic Includes morphine, used as a pain-killer, and cocaine, used as a topical anesthetic The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions.The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.

Schedule III Includes anabolic steroids and Marinol. Includes anabolic steroids and Marinol. The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in Schedules I and II.The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in Schedules I and II. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.

Schedule IV Includes Valium and other tranquilizers Includes Valium and other tranquilizers The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III.The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III.Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III.

Schedule V Includes codeine-containing analgesics. Includes codeine-containing analgesics. The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV.The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States..The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV.Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV.

Behavioral Effects Classification Classified by effects on behavior and/or central nervous system Classified by effects on behavior and/or central nervous system DepressantsDepressants StimulantsStimulants OpiatesOpiates PsychedelicsPsychedelics

Stimulants Stimulate CNS leading to increases in physiological processes and motor behavior Stimulate CNS leading to increases in physiological processes and motor behavior Cocaine – Illegal, TherapeuticCocaine – Illegal, Therapeutic Amphetamine – Illegal, TherapeuticAmphetamine – Illegal, Therapeutic Caffeine – Legal, Non-therapeuticCaffeine – Legal, Non-therapeutic Nicotine – Lgal, Non-therapeuticNicotine – Lgal, Non-therapeutic

Depressants Depress CNS activity leading to decreased physiological activity and sedation Depress CNS activity leading to decreased physiological activity and sedation Alcohol – Legal, Non-therapeuticAlcohol – Legal, Non-therapeutic Barbiturates, Legal, TherapeuticBarbiturates, Legal, Therapeutic Benzodiazepines Legal, TherapeuticBenzodiazepines Legal, Therapeutic

Opiates Act as agonists on endorphin and enkephalin receptors leading to pain suppression, feelings of euphoria, well- being, and respiratory depression Act as agonists on endorphin and enkephalin receptors leading to pain suppression, feelings of euphoria, well- being, and respiratory depression Heroin – Illegal, TherapeuticHeroin – Illegal, Therapeutic Codeine – Legal, TherapeuticCodeine – Legal, Therapeutic Morhphine – Legal, TherapeuticMorhphine – Legal, Therapeutic Vicodan, Percocet, etc. – Legal, TherapeuticVicodan, Percocet, etc. – Legal, Therapeutic

Psychedelcis Alter mood state and perception via action on the CNS. Group by convenience. All illegal some with therapeutic use. Alter mood state and perception via action on the CNS. Group by convenience. All illegal some with therapeutic use. Marijuana (THC)Marijuana (THC) LSD (acid)LSD (acid) Psylocybin (mushrooms)Psylocybin (mushrooms) Phencycledine (PCP)Phencycledine (PCP)