Focuses on positive aspects of being human (e.g., goodness, creativity, free will) –Rejection of the scientific goal of predicting and controlling human behavior –The major aim should be to discover things that expand and enrich human experience –Should strive to seek info that will help solve human problems –Description of what it means to be a human being in terms of meaningful experience, such as values, language, and emotions

Self-Actualization D-needs: deficiency needs (have an absence of something) B-values: “being” level must have all other levels satisfied to reach self-actualization Justice honesty Wholeness Beauty Goodness Traits of Self-Actualization

Properties of self-actualization More efficient perception of reality Acceptance, self, others, nature Spontaneity Problem centring Need for privacy Autonomy Mystic/peak experience Deeper more profound interpersonal relations Democratic character Good and evil discrimination Philosophical Creativeness Transcendence of culture

Humanistic Perspective  Carl Rogers ( )  focused on growth and fulfillment of individuals  genuineness  acceptance  empathy

Humanistic Perspective  Unconditional Positive Regard  an attitude of total acceptance toward another person  Self-Concept  all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in an answer to the question, “Who am I?”

The Humanistic Perspective Maslow’sSelf-ActualizingPersonRoger’sPerson-CenteredPerspective “Healthy” rather than “Sick” Individual as greater than the sum of test scores

Maslow & Self-Actualization Physiological Safety Love Needs Esteem Self-Actualization process of fulfilling our potential Studied healthy, creative people Abe Lincoln, Tom Jefferson & Eleanor Roosevelt Self-Aware & Self-Accepting Open & Spontaneous Loving & Caring Problem-Centered not Self-Centered

Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective People are basically good with actualizing tendencies. Given right environmental conditions, we will develop to our full potentials Genuineness, Acceptance, Empathy Self Concept Self Concept - central feature of personality (+ or -)