Cells to Organ Systems
Epithelial Tissues Epithelia comes in 2 forms: Glandular epithelia Membranous epithelia Functions: Protection Absorption Filtration Excretion Secretion Sensory reception
Glandular Epithelia Exocrine Gland ducted glands
Exocrine Gland Glandular Epithelia ducted glands Merocrine gland Holocrine gland
Exocrine Gland Goblet cells
Exocrine vs Endocrine Gland Secretes product directly directly in blood Secretes product through duct
Classification of Epithelia
Epithelial Tissues Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Stratified Epithelium Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Transitional Epithelium
Tissues
Simple Squamous Epithelium Function: gas exchange in lungs Location: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen
Simple Squamous Cells Frog skin
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Mammalian kidney
Simple Columnar Epithelium Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract
Simple Columnar Epithelium 1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine Cross section of small intestine
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal
Stratified Squamous Epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue Cross section of esophagus
Epidermis of the Skin cornified layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium goblet cell Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system
Stratified columnar Function: protection and secretion Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
Transitional Function: stretches Location: lines ureters, bladder and part of urethra
Cell Junctions Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells. Tight Junction fluid tight seal prevents fluid from leaving a cavity Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome & hemidesmosome) tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle Gap Junction passage of chemical & electrical signals
Cell Junctions Gap Junction Tight Junction Hemidesmosome Desmosome Adherens
Connective Tissues Loose Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue Cartilage Bone Blood
Connective Tissues Functions: Connects body parts Protection Insulation Transport substances Common characteristics: All originate from mesenchyme Well vascularized Extracellular matrix Three main elements: Ground substance Fibers Cells
Loose Connective Tissue
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue (areolar) 1. Collagen fiber 2. Elastic fiber
Location: lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
Adipose Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Regular Connective Tissue Cross section of tendon
Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage Costal cartilage between ribs
Elastic Cartilage chondrocytes in lacunae elastic fibers
Fibrocartilage collagen fibers chondrocyte in lacuna Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees collagen fibers chondrocyte in lacuna
Bone spongy bone Compact bone
Compact Bone
Compact Bone osteocytes in lacunae central canal canaliculi in matrix
Blood leukocytes erythrocytes
Skeletal Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissues Skeletal Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Biology 100 Human Biology
Main Body Cavities
Planes of Symmetry Medial & Lateral Superior Frontal plane Distal oblique Distal Transverse plane Proximal Posterior Inferior Anterior Midsagittal plane
Organ Systems
Organ Systems
The Skin as an Organ
Function Protection- mechanical, chemical, bacterial Cooling the body Prevent water loss Synthesize vitamin D Sensation
The Skin Facts: Weighs 9-11 lbs s.a. = 1.5-2m2 An organ, cells constantly dying and being replaced Facts: Weighs 9-11 lbs s.a. = 1.5-2m2 1 cm2 has 70 cm blood vessels, 55 cm nerves, 100 sweat glands, 15 oil glands, 230 sensory receptors New skin produced in 25-45 days
The Epidermis
What are the four types of planes that may be passed through the body? The Language of Anatomy What are the four types of planes that may be passed through the body? Is the radius proximal to the humerus? Is the esophagus anterior to the trachea? Are the ribs superficial to the lungs? Is the urinary bladder medial to the ascending colon? Is the sternum lateral to the descending colon? A mature bone cell is called ____?
Inquiry What is the difference between the three types of muscle tissue? What type of epithelia tissue has many layers of flattened cells? What layer in the epidermis are new skin cells produced? What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? Which organ system includes the thymus and pancreas?