Retrieval

Memory Retrieval  To retrieve a memory you must first have some kind of retrieval cue Examples? Examples?

Retrieval  Activating one strand of a schematic memory is called priming. Mnemonic devices encoding and mnemonic retrieval Mnemonic devices encoding and mnemonic retrieval

Forgetting as Retrieval error.  If we cannot remember something, it could be that: never encoded never encoded difficulty retrieving it difficulty retrieving it Interference of other memories are common retrieval errors.Interference of other memories are common retrieval errors.

Memory Construction is like a mosaic  Our memories are what we encode as well as how we retrieve them. Remember we encode information semantically and may fill in the blanks with details that aren’t correct, or color the memory by the mood we are in. Remember we encode information semantically and may fill in the blanks with details that aren’t correct, or color the memory by the mood we are in.

Memory Construction: like a mosaic  Déjà vu is often caused by the firing of network by a cue that makes you believe you’ve experienced the whole picture before, recall vs. recognition recall vs. recognition

Tip of Tongue  Problem of retrieval

Retrieval  Context effect : Putting yourself back into the context where a memory was formed may trigger that memory.  Going by an old house, a smell of perfume from a former girlfriend, or the smell of autumn football, may bring back a flood of memories.

Retrieval  State dependent memory: the state we are in influences the memories that are retrieved. When sad, happy, drunk whatever, these become a retrieval cue. When sad, happy, drunk whatever, these become a retrieval cue.

 Mood Congruence: when sad, we are likely to remember events as being sadder than we thought at the time or happier if happy. when sad, we are likely to remember events as being sadder than we thought at the time or happier if happy.

Source Amnesia  Where we got a memory from, the source, one of weakest areas of memory. Child studies Child studies Piaget? Piaget? Neuro brain development? Neuro brain development?

Misinformation Effect  Similarly, we can encode a false memory if we are led to believe something occurred that didn’t. That memory will become just as real as memory of an event that actually occurred. That memory will become just as real as memory of an event that actually occurred.  We also fill in the gaps when retrieving memories retrieval cues offered can change the memory as it comes out. retrieval cues offered can change the memory as it comes out. Retrieval activity Retrieval activity

Eyewitness Memory  Because of source amnesia and misinformation effect, eyewitness memories are notoriously bad.

Elizabeth Loftus: Eyewitness  Faculty recall confabulation  ORySA ORySA ORySA