Memory Process Power that we have to store our experiences. Reservoir of accumulated learning. Process Learning : Primary condition for memory Retention: Preserving the material learnt in the form of mental impressions or images Recognition Recall

Types Sensory memory: helps the individual to recall something immediately Short term memory (temporary) Long term memory Episodic and Semantic Memory Photographic Memory Paranormal Rote Memory Logical Memory Associative Memory Active Memory Passive Memory

Factors affecting Memory Will Power Interest Attention Methods of Memorization Practice Rhythm Learning Situations Individual Differences Senses

Forgetting Munn (1967): forgetting is the loss, permanent or temporary, of the ability to recall or recognize something learned earlier. Drever: (1952): forgetting means failure at any time to recall any experience, when attempting to do so, or to perform an action previously learned. Ebbinghaus’s Curve of Forgetting (1885) Time Elapse Amount of Forgetting 20 min. 47% 1 Day 66% 2 Days 72% 6 Days 75% 31 Days 79%

Ebbinghaus’s Curve of Forgetting (1885)

Types of Forgetting Natural and Morbid or Abnormal Forgetting General and Specific Physical and Psychological

Causes of Forgetting Time Elapse Interference of Material Repression Retroactive Inhibition New learning works backward to impair the retention of old learning material Proactive Inhibition Old learning works forward to impair the retention of what is learnt afterward Repression Age Disease Accidents Biological Malfunction of Brain and Nervous System

Causes of Forgetting Use of Drugs and Alcohol Stress Anxiety Conflicts Temperament Lack of Interest Improper Learning Intellect Lack of Order