PSY 219 – Academic Writing in Psychology Fall Çağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Psychology Inst. Nilay Avcı Week 5

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 2

3 What makes the difference between plagiarised and acceptable work?

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 4. AcceptablePlagiarised some vocabulary kept from original new sentence structure use of summary many phrases retained from original minor paraphrasing identical sentence structure

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 5 Consequences of Plagiarism

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 6 Consequences of Plagiarism Academic penalties imposed by instructors lower grade for assignment, or failing in course suspension or expulsion from school repeating an assignment destroyed student reputation

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 7 Consequences of Plagiarism.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 8 Consequences of Plagiarism Professional discrediting of work loss of licence/ability to practice censure by profession/field loss of professional status destroyed professional/academic reputation legal repercussions monetary loss

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 9 Consequences of Plagiarism.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 10 Tips on avoiding plagiarism

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 11 Tips on avoiding plagiarism plan your paper take effective notes when in doubt, cite sources make it clear who said that know how to paraphrase analyze and evaluate your sources

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 12 Tips on avoiding plagiarism be familiar with the basics of the research writing process, including the citing of sources make note of all the sources you consult during the research process remember that paraphrasing the ideas of another still requires proper citation

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 13 Tips on avoiding plagiarism properly cite the sources you use in your paper quotation mark is your seat belt! – when you quote or copy an author’s words, always use quotation marks put in quotations everything that comes directly from the text especially when taking notes

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 14 Tips on avoiding plagiarism paraphrase, but be sure you are not just rearranging or replacing a few words check your paraphrase against the original text to be sure you have not accidentally used the same phrases or words avoid minor changes in wording from a source – changing one or two words is not sufficient, you must rewrite in your own words

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 15 Tips on avoiding plagiarism always acknowledge the original source of any information: ideas, methods, concepts and findings presented in past research works. exact words: use quotes for exact words of author summaries: indicate sources of summaries of other’s ideas paraphrases: indicate sources of paraphrase

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 16 Tips on avoiding plagiarism To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use another person's idea, opinion, or theory; any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings--any pieces of information--that are not common knowledge; quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words; or paraphrase of another person's spoken or written words.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 17 Tips on avoiding plagiarism common knowledge must be distinguished from ideas of others common knowledge: facts that can be found in numerous places and are likely to be known by a lot of people the internet is not common knowledge! always try to cite past works, even if a statement looks like it’s a universally known scientific fact

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 18 Tips on avoiding plagiarism For example; The fact that carrots are a source of Vitamin A is common knowledge, and you could include this information in your work without attributing it to a source. However, any information regarding the effects of Vitamin A on the human body are likely to be the products of original research and would have to be cited.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 19 Tips on avoiding plagiarism begin assignments early enough to avoid sloppy citing or referencing of sources try to aim for creative work in your own words proofread the final version of your paper to ensure that all the sources you used are cited correctly

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 20 exercises on plagiarism and cheating

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 21. example 1. John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States in 1960.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 22. This is generally known information. You do not need to document this fact.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 23. example 2. According the American Family Leave Coalition's new book, Family Issues and Congress, President Bush's relationship with Congress has hindered family leave legislation (6).

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 24. You must document facts that are not generally known and ideas that interpret facts. The idea that "Bush's relationship with Congress has hindered family leave legislation" is not a fact but an interpretation; consequently, you need to cite your source.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 25. example 3. You take a sentence from a professional journal and reorder the phrases, keeping the meaning and most phrases intact. You do not cite your source. Is this plagiarism?

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 26. This is plagiarism. Simply reordering the phrases does not make the work original. You must either quote and indent the passage as written and cite the source or put the ideas into your own words, with your own phrasing, and cite the source.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 27. example 4. You find a paper online that answers your assignment instructions exactly and submit it as your work. Is this plagiarism?

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 28. This is plagiarism. You did none of the work and are telling your instructor that you wrote this paper. This is theft of someone else's work.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 29. example 5. Your roommate took the same math course last year that you are taking now. To save yourself some time, you copy your roommates old homework assignments and turn them in as your own. Is this cheating?

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 30. Copying someone elses work and leading others to believe it is your original work is plagiarism. In the case of copying homework assignments, it is also considered cheating.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 31. example 6. You copy another author's ideas to compare and contrast with your own ideas. You indent the text, identify the author, and use quotation marks when stating the author's ideas.You also provide a citation of the work you copied in the bibliography of your paper. Is this plagiarism?

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 32. This is not an act of plagiarism because you formatted the text to indicate the ideas that belong to someone else and cited the original author in your bibliography.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 33. example 7. You copy and paste text from a Web site into your paper and don't cite the original author because everyone knows that material on the Web is free for anyone to use. Is this plagiarism?

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 34. This is plagiarism. Just because information is posted at a Web site doesn't mean that you don't need to give credit to the original author.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 35. example 8. Your friend in Biology class has been sick for a week and is behind with her work. You feel sorry for her and offer to help her with the assignment that is due tomorrow. After reviewing your class notes with her, you lend her your report to copy. Is this considered cheating?

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 36. Although it is a good idea to organize study groups and review content together, it is still cheating to allow someone else to copy your work and submit it as their own.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 37. example 9. An acceptable excuse for committing plagiarism is that you ran out of time and forgot to put all of your citations in the bibliography. a. Yes b. No

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 38. Accidental plagiarism is still plagiarism. The correct response: false

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 39. example 10. If I take a passage from one of my sources and rework the ideas into my own words I don't have to give the original source credit. a. Yes b. No

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 40 Glossary

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 41. ATTRIBUTION The acknowledgement that something came from another source. The following sentence properly attributes an idea to its original author: Jack Bauer, in his article "Twenty-Four Reasons not to Plagiarize," maintains that cases of plagiarists being expelled by academic institutions have risen dramatically in recent years due to an increasing awareness on the part of educators. BIBLIOGRAPHY A list of sources used in preparing a work CITATION A short, formal indication of the source of information or quoted material. The act of quoting material or the material quoted.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 42. CITE to indicate a source of information or quoted material in a short, formal note. to quote to ascribe something to a source. COMMON KNOWLEDGE Information that is readily available from a number of sources or so well-known that its sources do not have to be cited. The fact that carrots are a source of Vitamin A is common knowledge, and you could include this information in your work without attributing it to a source. However, any information regarding the effects of Vitamin A on the human body are likely to be the products of original research and would have to be cited. COPYRIGHT A law protecting the intellectual property of individuals, giving them exclusive rights over the distribution and reproduction of that material.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 43. ENDNOTES Notes at the end of a paper acknowledging sources and providing additional references or information. FACTS Knowledge or information based on real, observable occurrences. Just because something is a fact does not mean it is not the result of original thought, analysis, or research. Facts can be considered intellectual property as well. If you discover a fact that is not widely known nor readily found in several other places, you should cite the source. FAIR USE The guidelines for deciding whether the use of a source is permissible or constitutes a copyright infringement. FOOTNOTES Notes at the bottom of a paper acknowledging sources or providing additional references or information.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 44. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY A product of the intellect, such as an expressed idea or concept, that has commercial value. ORIGINAL Not derived from anything else, new and unique Markedly departing from previous practice The first, preceding all others in time The source from which copies are made PARAPHRASE A restatement of a text or passage in other words. It is extremely important to note that changing a few words from an original source does NOT qualify as paraphrasing. A paraphrase must make significant changes in the style and voice of the original while retaining the essential ideas. If you change the ideas, then you are not paraphrasing -- you are misrepresenting the ideas of the original, which could lead to serious trouble.

PSY-219 Academic Writing in Psychology 45. PLAGIARISM The reproduction or appropriation of someone else's work without proper attribution; passing off as one's own the work of someone else PUBLIC DOMAIN The absence of copyright protection; belonging to the public so that anyone may copy or borrow from it. QUOTATION Using words from another source. SELF-PLAGIARISM Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production. This can potentially violate copyright protection if the work has been published and is banned by most academic policies.