UNCCD Large monitoring Programs Dr. Fred Stolle 1

Conclusion Characteristics of Good monitoring system It is not the data (satellite) but what you do with it – Access and usability (client oriented) – Data  information  action 2

Long Term Monitoring United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) Since

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FRA Long term data- National verified- Many different data collected - Draw back National data –national definition – national collection system  Comparability ? 5-years repeat cycle  Action ? 6

Satellite observations Forest is remote Forest is fast Expensive and time consuming to monitor from the ground Satellites large overview, quick, cheap (ish) (not all characteristics that can be observed form the ground can be monitored from satellite) 7

Brazil PRODES satellite monitoring for legal amazon since 1988 Uses landsat and CBERs m range 8

India National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) of the Department of Space started using satellite data in 1983 in cooperation with Forest Survey of India (FSI) to do a forest assessment First report on the forest cover of India was published by the FSI in 1987 through State of Forest Report (SFR) FSI has been mandated to monitor the forest cover of the country on a two year cycle since then 9

Photo: REUTERS / Nacho Doce Forest data challenges Not reliable Not up-to-date Dispersed Expensive Very technical Not interactive 10

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Visualize 14

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Tree-Cover Change (Total : 1.1 million ha) 20

Provinces Annual Change 21

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However No clear client – good for planners ? Can not observe forest (every country defines forest in their own way) Good in detecting loss not gain 23

Corporate Commitments November 2011 December 2013 Jan-Feb 2014 March-April 2014 May-Sept Climate and Land Use Alliance, Cascade of Corporate Commitments to Zero-Deforestation Palm Oil (Sept., 2014) 24

Photo: CIFOR 25

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However Does have clear client Can not get the detail companies need Good in detecting loss not gain 27

Collect Earth high-res imagery in Google Earth 28

However Does have clear purpose Can get the detail investors need Good in detecting loss AND gain Not automatic 29

Future possibilities 30

SPOT 31

Sentinel Sentinel-1 (1A&1B) C-band interferometric radar mission is an all-weather, day-and-night radar imaging Sentinel-2 (2A&2B) is a high-resolution optical imaging mission for land services Sentinel-3 (3A&3B) is for a global ocean and land monitoring mission which includes an altimetry instrument package. It provides data from the visible to thermal infrared at medium (e.g. 250 m) to low (e.g m) spatial resolution for ocean colour, sea surface temperature and global land mapping. The ESA Ministerial Council in 2011 will decide on the two other Sentinel missions: – Sentinel-4 - a GEO atmosphere monitoring based on Meteosat Third Generation, – Sentinel-5 - a LEO atmosphere monitoring based on post-EUMETSAT Polar System 32

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RapidEye 34

RapidEye One of the new satellite that can do monitoring 5 m resolution Can cover large areas 35

Digital Globe 36

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Planet labs In January 2014, we delivered Flock 1, the world’s largest constellation of Earth-imaging satellites, made up of 28 Doves. Together with subsequent launches, we have launched 71 Doves, toward imaging the entire Earth, every day. In January 2014, delivered Flock 1, the world’s largest constellation of Earth-imaging satellites, made up of 28 Doves. Together with subsequent launches, have launched 71 Doves, toward imaging the entire Earth, every day. 38

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Skybox video -google SKybox Imaging was founded on the premise that an ability to better understand these phenomena could fundamentally change the way humanity makes decisions on a daily basis “Earth Observation 2.0, where satellites are simply sensors and the magic is in harnessing scalable computing and unbounded analytics to find answers to the world’s most important geospatial problems regardless of data source. 40

Drones 41

Drone 42

Urthecast Strips of imagery 40km wide UrtheCast’s 5-metre resolution camera will capture any location that the ISS passes over, generating large strips of 40km-wide imagery, 365 days a year. 43

Conclusion Few long term monitoring programs each with its pros and cons Soon Very high resolution. Great for high value mapping but Not systematic and expensive Access and usability – What are the needs – To be useful combine biophysical with social Mapping: ad hoc or systematic vs Monitoring: systematic Dynamic vs static, spatial vs tables Data  information  action 44

Monitoring needs to make a quick and radical transformation to be useful and used by real world actors – Monitoring what the “client” needs which is often more then just biophysical. – Monitoring should be cost efficient (compare cost to benefits) – Monitoring in right detail and temporal frequency 45

Is this a forest ? 46