Behind the Civil War Civil War Song

War Begins Modern War Strategy- Union Strategy- Confederacy Advantages- Union Advantages- Confederacy Government Powers Raising Armies Supplying Armies War Politics Others in the War Soldier’s Lives

Election of 1860 Secession of lower states Confederate States of America – Jefferson Davis first President Firing on Ft. Sumter Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn. 11 States Leave Union

Uses both old and new methods of war Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons

Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan developed by Winfield Scott Divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports

Defensive battle European recognition

Most of the population Large advantages in resources Most of the transportation and industry

Defending their homes Strong sectional pride Better military tradition and leadership

Both sides had to increase central government powers Raise an army Supply armies Finance the war Suppress any opposition

Northern Advantage Volunteers at first Drafts begin – Riots – Bounties paid – Substitution possible Many volunteers

Northern Advantages Industrial Capacity Transportation Capabilities Financial Centers Foraging the land Shortages

War to Preserve Union Civil rights were restricted Emancipation Debated – Needed higher cuase Emancipation Proclamation – Jan 1, 1863

African Americans – Segregated Forces – 54 th Massachusetts Women – Nursing – Clara Barton

Disillusionment of war Filthy conditions Poor food Bad medical care Prison camps – Andersonville

Civil War Shots FiredShilohAntietamVicksburg Confederate Victories Gettysburg South is Split Sherman’s March Grant in Pursuit War’s End

War begins at Fort Sumter, S.C Bull Run July 1861 Southern Victory Did not pursue the retreating Union army Citizens watched the battle

April 1862 Costly victory for Grant Demonstrated the cost of victory would be great

Sept, 1862 Bloodiest single day of the war Union victory for McClellan

Nov Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi Try to split the south

Confederates greatly outnumbered but Lee still wins Dec – Fredericksburg May 1863 – Chancellorsville – Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is killed

July 1863 Lee invades North Little Round Top Cemetery Ridge Pickett’s Charge Turning point of the war as Lee is defeated Gettysburg Address given by Lincoln several months later

July 1863 Grant captures Vicksburg after long siege Grant is called to command Union armies

1864 “March to the Sea” Total War – “War is Hell” Burning of Atlanta Destroy the will to fight

1864 Lee in retreat Grant attacks repreatedly at great loss of life Lincoln wants speedy end to war

April 1865 Grant surrounds Lee outside Richmond Surrender at Appomattox