England is old and small, and they started running out of places to bury people. So, they would dig up coffins and would take their bones to a house and reuse the grave. In reopening these coffins, one out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive. So they thought they would tie a string on their wrist and lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night to listen for the bell. Hence on the "graveyard shift" they would know that someone was "saved by the bell" or he was a "dead ringer".

Health Psychology (Chapter 15) Second Lecture: Type A and B Behavior Symptoms Pain

Type A Type B l Need for achievement l Time urgency l Elevated feelings of anger and hostility l Little pleasure, “racing the clock” l Low levels of competitiveness l No time urgency l Little anger and hostility l More easy-going and relaxed about life

Assessment l Jenkins Activity Survey Self-report questionnaire “When you listen to other people talking, do you wish they would hurry up and say what they have to say” l Physiological indices Elevated arousal doing math questions when told it is a race

Stress Response Type A Person Stress is seen as a threat Elevated arousal, tissue damage, heart disease ** Evidence supporting this relation is weak at best Why? Type A behavior may lead to better health seeking behavior or compliance with medical regimen. Anger and hostility against the self, however, does appear damaging.

Change and control over your life l Banker from TO moves to Valley l Relaxation skills for stress l Cognitive restructuring: What is a “challenge” l Health crisis can cause dramatic change in behavior l Move to less competitive environment

Coping With Pain and Stress l Relaxation, meditation l Massage and contact comfort l Exercise l Analgesics l Acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation l Example: Child birth classes teach pain management

Keys to stress reduction l Reappraisal l Learn from the experience l Make social comparisons l Humour reduces stress l Social support

The Term is Over!!!!!!!!!!! Introductory Psychology Comes to an End How can I go on?

Topics covered: l What have we done? Intelligence Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Personality Abnormal Psychology Psychotherapy Health Psychology

What else have we done? l Research and theory in each of these areas l Participated in class and discussion groups l Discussion of topical questions related to content l Written papers on content l Learned something about computer applications within psychology

Where does my mark come from? lQlQuiz 1: 17.5% lQlQuiz 2: 17.5% lPlParticipation 10% lTlThought papers 15% lBlBonus (optional) 4% lMlMarks posted as soon as possible lFlFinal 40% lTlTotal 100%

How is the final structured l 150 Multiple Choice Questions l Chapters 17 & 15: 45 questions l Chapters 9 (part), 14, 8, 12, 11, 13, 16: 7 X 15 = 105 questions l Note: Official excuses granted only through registrar’s office