Chapter 9 The High Middle Ages Section1 Growth of Royal Power in England and France

Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church Monarchs expanded the royal domain and set up a system of royal justice. Nobles and the church collected their own taxes.

Strong Monarchs in England Duke William sailed across the English Channel French speaking nobles dominated England William created the doomsday book His successors created the Royal Exchequer Henry II broadened the system of royal justice

Evolving Traditions of English Gov’t English rulers clashed with nobles and the church Most battles developed a result to raise taxes Henry’s son was clever, greedy, cruel, and a untrustworthy ruler John battled Innocent III

The Magna Carta The king agreed not to raise new taxes The Magna Carta contained two important ideas that would shape government traditions. Development of Parliament English rulers called on the Great Council for advice. Parliament gained crucial power.

Section 2 The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

Holy Roman Empire Charlemagne had France and Germany under his rule Otto worked closely with the church, he appointed bishops to top government jobs For German emperors, the challenge was to control their vassals Another problem for the emperor was conflict with the pope over the appointment of church officials

Conflict Between Popes and Emperors People had a neutral view of pope Gregory VII He was determined to make the church independent of secular rulers Only the pope had the right to install bishops in office. Pope Gregory’s ban brought angry responses from the holy roman emperor Henry IV

The Struggles for Italy Fredrick Barbarossa dreamed of building a empire from the Baltic sea to the Adriatic sea. He was the child of Henry and Constance, and he was a arrogant, able leader willing to do anything to achieve his goals He clashed repeadly with several popes. He fought to bring wealthy cities of northern Italy under his control He tried and also failed

The Height of Church Power Pope Innocent the III embodied the triumph of the church Clashed with powerful rulers and came out ahead Launched a brutal crusade against the Albigensians

Section 3 Europeans Look Outward

The Crusades Left a bitter legacy of religious hatred behind them They sometimes turned their religious fury against Jews. Failed to conquer the holy lands Wars helped quicken the pace of chnages already underway

In 1464, Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Argon The kingdoms was under Muslim rule Spain enjoyed a tradition of religious toleration

Economic Expansion Increased trade Encouraged the growth of a money economy Helped increase the power of feudal monarchs

Section 4 Learning, Literature, and the Arts

Medieval Universities As economic and political conditions improved in the high middle ages, the need for education expanded By getting an education, the sons of wealthy townspeople might hope to qualify for high jobs in the church By 1100’s, schools had sprung up around the great cathedrals to train the clergy

Europeans Acquire “New” Learning Universities received a further boost from an explosion of knowledge that reached Europe on the high middle ages. The writing of the ancient Greeks posed a change to Christian scholars. Works of science, translated from Arabic and Greek, also reached Europe from Spain and the Byzantine empire.

Medieval Literature Latin was the language of scholars and churchmen Vernacular the everyday languages of ordinary people Epics were long narrative poems

Architecture and Art Stone churches reflected Roman influences Flying buttresses were stone supports that stood outside of the church Illumination is the artistic decoration of books

Section 5 A Time of Crisis

The Black Death The black death was a disease that was spread by fleas on rats The plague brought terror and bewilderment people had no way to stop the disease People saw the plague as God’s punishment European economy plunged into a low web

Upheaval in the Church Pope Clement V moved the papal court to Avignon on the border of southern France. It remained there for 70 yrs. Under French domination This period is known as Babylonian Captivity of the Church The popes reigned over a lavish court Reformers tried to elect their own pope and this caused the slip within the church

Hundred Years’ War England claimed the French crown in 1337 then war broke out The English won a string of victories at Crecy in 1346 They owes much of their success to the long bow The effects of the war were, England and France were on different paths, and it brought many changes to the late medieval world.

Joan of Arc Led the French to many victories Inspired despairing troops to fight anew Planted seeds for future triumphs