Reproduction Part I: Anatomy

Functions Overall: to produce offspring Male System: to produce & deliver sperm Female System: produce eggs, provide place for fertilized eggs to develop

Male Anatomy Bladder Urethra Penis Testes Scrotum Epididymis Bulbourethral Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle Vas Deferens

Parts of the Male Scrotum: the sac that holds the testes ◦positioned outside of the abdomen ◦Why? ◦allows sperm to develop in an environment 2- 3°C cooler than body temperature Testes: produce sperm Epididymis: where immature sperm mature, grow tails Vas deferens: tube, stores some sperm up to 3 months!

Sperm Sperm: male sex cells ◦300 million produced PER DAY! ◦3 parts:  Head = DNA  Midsection = energy!  Tail = swim!

Sperm Development Heads and Tails  testes & epididymis Seminal vesicles: secrete sugar mixture ◦Provides energy for sperm Prostate Gland: secrete alkaline fluid ◦Protects sperm from female fluids Bulbourethral Gland: secretes fluid ◦Lubricates and cleanses urethra ◦Why? Sperm & Fluids = Semen

Sperm Release Upon arousal:  Sperm leave vas deferens  towards Urethra, picking up fluids  from Urethra, leave body Ejaculation: sperm ejected by smooth muscle contractions ◦Not voluntary! ◦2-6 mL of semen released

Female Anatomy Oviduct or Fallopian Tubes Ovary Uterus Cervix Vagina Bladder Urethra Rectum Anus

Parts of the Female Ovaries: site of egg production Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): transport eggs from ovary to uterus ◦*Fertilization happens here* Uterus: where fertilized egg develops ◦Has 2 layers, 1 muscular, 1 thin lining Cervix: passageway from uterus  vagina ◦Muscles control this Vagina: birth canal; passage to the outside