Physical Development and Care of Children ages Three Through Six Objective 6.01

Physical Characteristics Height – 2 ½ to 3 inches per year, boys slightly taller than girls Weight – 4 to 5 pounds per year, boys slightly heavier than girls

Posture and body shape Becomes straighter and slimmer Stomach flattens Holds shoulders back and upper body more erect Chest broadens and flattens with improved abdominal strength Legs lengthen rapidly, growing stronger and firmer Neck becomes longer Balance and coordination improved Hold arms near body when walking

Teeth Permanent teeth (32) begin to come in Teeth are lost in the same order they come in Care of teeth Regular tooth brushing and flossing Dentists recommend parents assist children in hand ling toothbrush until age five Regular dental checkups

Physical Care - Dressing Encourage children ages three through six to dress themselves Allow children to make clothing selections Comfortable fabric Room for growth Easily distinguish front and back Economical clothing Appropriateness for occasion and activity Safety – no loose cords Group identification may become important Flame – resistant pajamas

Physical Care - Grooming Less interested in bathing Praise the child for good hygiene habits

Physical Care - Nutrition Proper nutrition is important Adults should model good nutrition behavior Choose snacks that are low in fat, salt, sugar, and calories

Physical Care - Toileting Enuresis – bedwetting, accidents that occur in response to emotional or physical problems Few accidents by 4th birthday Usually occur because child is concentrating on activity in which he/she is involved

Physical Care - Sleeping By age four, afternoon nap is usually given up Need 10-12 hours of sleep Still need bedtime routine

Physical Care - Immunizations Hepatitis B Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (whooping cough) Polio Measles Mumps Rubella (German measles)