1  Virendrasinh Sodha  Nakuldan Gadhavi  Rajdeepsinh Vaghela  Ashish Palan  Hiren Patel

 A Global Positioning system, also known as GPS, is a system Designed to help Navigate on the Earth, in the Air and on Water.  A GPS Receiver shows where it is, it also shows how fast it is moving in which Direction it is Going, how high it is, and maybe how fast it is going Up or Down. 2

 A GPS unit takes Radio signals from satellites in Space circling The Earth.  There are about 30 Satellites 20,200 Km above The Earth.  Each Satellite contains an Atomic clock which is Carefully set by NORAD several times every day. 3

 While originally a Military Project, GPS is considered a dual-use technology, meaning it has Significant Military and Civilian Applications.  GPS has become widely deployed and useful tool for Commerce, Scientific uses, Tracking and Surveillance. 4

 The current GPS consists of three major segments. these are the Space Segments (SS), a Control Segment(CS) and a User Segment(US).  The USA Air Force develops, maintains and operates The Space and Control Segments.  GPS satellites broadcast signals from Space and each GPS receiver uses these signals to calculate its three-dimensional loacation (Latitude, Longitude and Altitude) and the current time. 5

 The Space Segment(SS) is composed of orbiting GPS satellites or Space vehicles(SV) in GPS parlance.  The GPS design originally called for 24 SVs eight each in three approximately circular orbits.  but this was modified to six orbital planes with four satellites each.  The orbits are arranged so that at least six satellites are always within line of sight from almost everywhere on Earth’s Surface. 6

 The control segment is composed of a Master Control station (M CS), an alternate master control station, four dedicated ground antennas and six dedicated monitor stations.  the MCS can also access U.S Air force satellite control network (AFSCN) ground antennas (for additional command and control capability) and NGA (national geospatial intelligence agency) monitor stations. 7

 The User Segment is composed of Hundreds of thousands of USA and Allied Military users of the secure GPS Precise Positioning service, and tens of millions of Civil, Commercial and Scientific users of the Standard Positioning Service.  In General, GPS Receivers are composed of an Antenna, tuned to the Frequencies transmitted by the Satellites, Receiver-processors and a highly stable clock. 8

 Many civilian Applications use one or more of GPS’s three basic components: Absolute Location, Relative Movement and Time Transfer.  The Accuracy of GPS time signals (±10 ns) is second only to The Atomic clocks upon which they are based.  Vehicle tracking system and Person tracking system use GPS to Locate a vehicle or person. 9

 MAP MAKING:- Both civilian and Military Cartographers use GPS extensively.  ROBOTICS:-Self-navigating, Autonomous Robots using a GPS sensors, which calculate Latitude, Longitude, Time, Speed and Heading  TECTONICS:- GPS enables direct fault motion Measurement in Earthquakes. 10

 Spatial and Tabular data are collected simultaneously.  Position accuracy is superior to conventional methods  Data collection costs are lower than conventional methods  Data gathering is possible 24-hours a day, seven days a week.  GPS is unaffected by weather. 11

 Urban canyon buildings can block satellite signals  Multi-path Reflective signals can make data inaccurate.  Purchasing a GPS on price can be a major disadvantage.  GPS units that are not plugged into a power source, and rely on batteries, which can drain quickly. 12

13 Nirbhay Sir