SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR ALL : A POWERFUL ENGINE TO ACHIEVE THE SDGS World Family Summit 2015 Nidhal Ben Cheikh Cairo, 12 December 2015

OUTLINE I.Social Protection : Defining the field of action II.Social protection is a human right III.The rationale for social protection IV.Social protection related SDGs goals and targets V.The need for social protection VI.The Social Protection new paradigm : the SPF VII.Recommandations

SOCIAL PROTECTION : DEFINING THE FIELD OF ACTION  Social protection and social Security are interchangeable  The notion of social protection adopted by the ILO (2000) covers all measures providing benefits, whether in cash or in kind, to secure protection from : (a) lack of work-related income (or insufficient income) caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment, injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member; (b) lack of access or unaffordable access to health care; (c) insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependants; (d) general poverty and social exclusion.  Social Protection comprises Contributory schemes (Social Insurance) and non- contrbutory schemes (Social assistance) programmes

SOCIAL PROTECTION : DEFINING THE FIELD OF ACTION New concepts have been added to the new terminology such as social transfers, social safety nets, social protection floors, etc …  Social Transfers : they represent a transfer from one group to another (e.g. from the active groups to the old)  Social Safety Nets : are non-contributory measures designed to provide regular and predictable support to the poors and vulnerables. Six types of social nets programs could be identified : Unconditional cash transfers ; conditional cash transfers, school feeding programs, in-kind transfers, public works and fee waivers

SOCIAL PROTECTION IS A HUMAN RIGHT  Social protection is a human right and is enshrined as such in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), and in other major United Nations human rights instruments. Universal Declaration of Human RightsInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights other major United Nations human rights instruments  Article 22 " Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security "  Article 25 " Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control "

SOCIAL PROTECTION IS A HUMAN RIGHT Article 16.3 of the Universal declaration of human rights : Family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, and is entitled to protection by society and the state Social Protection and family policies are highly interrelated

THE RATIONALE FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION is a human right links to active labour markets and formalization policies promotes social inclusion and gender equality enhances social cohesion and political stability cushions the social and economic effects of crisis and shocks increass people’s capacities and productivity reduces poverty, ill-health and inequality fosters inclusive economic growth Social Protection is a critical policy for sustainable development that

SOCIAL PROTECTION RELATED SDGS GOALS AND TARGETS  Since the adoption the Recommendation No. 202 on National Social Protection Floors (NSPF) by the International Labour Conference in june 2012, a large consensus emerged on the necessity to build or maintain SPF which guarantees a minimum of income scurity and access to essential health to all ;  This consensus has been confirmed by the UN Summit that adopted the Post-2015 Development Agenda and recognized the role of social protection in fighting poverty and inequality.  Moreover, the recently adopted Addis Ababa Accord recognizes social protection as one of the core cross-cutting areas where initiatives are needed in order to be able to achieve the SDGs.

SOCIAL PROTECTION RELATED SDGS GOALS AND TARGETS Four Goals are directly concerned with Social Protection : Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable 3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate 10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

SOCIAL PROTECTION RELATED SDGS GOALS AND TARGETS Two Goals are indirectly concerned with Social Protection : Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Goal 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all All related targets8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION PERVASIVE POVERTY AND RISING INEQUALITY  1.4 billion people are still living on less than US$1.25 a day (World Bank).  1.75 billion people experience multidimensional poverty with deprivations in heath, economic opportunities, education and living standards (UNDP).  925 million suffer from chronicle hunger (FAO).  2.6 billion people do not have access to improved sanitation and 884 million people do not have access to improved sources of drinking water (WHO/UNICEF).  796 million adults are illiterate (UNESCO).  8.8 million children under the age of five die every year from largely preventable health problems (WHO). About 75 per cent of the population is not covered by adequate social protection scheme.  1 out of every 4 person (ILO).

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION PERVASIVE POVERTY AND RISING INEQUALITY Income inequality

DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH – U.S. Survey: What they would like it to be Survey: What they believe it to be Reality: What it is – Where is the bottom 40%?

BracketWealth Owned Top 20%84.8% 2 nd 20%10.9% 3 rd 20%4.0% 4 th 20%0.2% 5 th 20%0.1% Reality: Distribution of Wealth – U.S.

Piketty’s core points:  Global economic growth is slowing. Wealth inequality will increase. Social tensions will likely increase.  Peaceful remedies to increasing social tension require increased government revenue.  Democratic societies need serious discussion when choosing the best remedies.

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION THE COVERAGE GAP 80% of the world population do not have access to comprehensive coverage 30% of the population do not have access to essential health care Social protection coverage gap Only 15% of the population has access to unemployment benefits 60% of the elderly do not receive a pension 50% of the children are living in poverty, many lack access to health and education

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION CASH TRANSFERS ARE NOT ADEQUATE IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES

THE SOCIAL PROTECTION NEW PARADIGM : THE SOCIAL PROTECTION FLOOR INITIATIVE (ILO) Adoption of R 202 on National Floors of Social Protection (ILC 2012) “Social protection floors are nationally defined sets of basic social security guarantees which secure protection aimed at preventing or alleviating poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion”

THE SOCIAL PROTECTION NEW PARADIGM : THE SOCIAL PROTECTION FLOOR INITIATIVE (ILO) Family Benefit Sickness Cash Benefit Medical Care Benefit Unemployment Benefit Maternity Benefit Survivors’ Benefit Invalidity Benefit Old-age Benefit Employment Injury Benefit Public Sector Employees Private Sector Employees and voluntarily insured Self-employed, not covered by Social insurance Informal Economy Non- employed Working Age 1.Universal Health Care 2.Child benefit 3.Assistance for Unemployed and Poor 4.Universal Old-Age and disability Pension Horizontal dimension: Guaranteeing access to essential health care and minimum income security (Social Protection Floors Recommendation No. 202) Vertical dimension: progressively ensuring higher levels of protection guided by ILO Convention No.102 and higher-level standards

ASSESSMENT MATRIX SPF objectives Existing SP provision What is foreseen in the SP Strategy GapsAgencies involved Priorities Design gaps Implemen- tation gaps Health Children Working age Elderly Social Protection Floor template: guarantees and objectives Describe the present and planned social protection situation, taking into account SP strategy objectives Identify design gaps (population not covered due to the lack of SP policy / legislation Identify implementation gaps: dysfunction in existing policy and schemes (entitlements not meet, unavailability or lack of access to services  Basis for the preliminary costing and thr analysis of potential impacts on poverty reduuction A consistent framework where all schemes and UN agencies support interventions can fit. Mapping & sharing of responsibilities and activities among actors and more specifically One UN Priority policy options to be decided through national dialogue on assessment results Source : Florence Bonnet and Christina Behrendt ILO Social Security Department, Geneva

RECOMMANDATIONS  Comprehensive social protection systems are a powerful tool to strengthen the resilience of families in times on economic crisis and political intsability  To Give support to countries in costing comprehensive social protection and building social protection floors  To Initiate international dialogue on social protection policies and family policies fiscal space  To promote family focused/centered social protection policies and approaches promoting empowerment of families and graduation