Chapter 1: Matter

1.1 Matter has mass and volume

Metric system base units Property Name Symbol Length Meter m Volume Liter L Mass Gram, kilogram g, kg Temperature Kelvin K

Matter is anything has mass and takes up space. What is Matter??? Matter is anything has mass and takes up space. Matter is made of atoms. Example: human, desk, pencil, book, air, water Nonexample: sound, light

What is Mass??? Mass is the amount of matter in an object; how much “stuff” is the object made of

What is Mass??? Mass is the amount of matter in an object; how much “stuff” is the object made of Example: Which has more mass a metal teaspoon or a plastic teaspoon? METAL TEASPOON

How do we measure Mass??? Mass is measured in a unit called kilograms (kg). Smaller amounts of mass are measured in grams (g). Use a triple beam balance to measure the amount of matter an object has.

How to read a triple beam balance

How to read a triple beam balance Make sure all sliders start at zero. Place object in pan. Starting with the largest slider (back), slide each until the beam is balanced. Add up the totals of the sliders to get the mass. **Remember to watch how you line up your numbers before you add!!!

Example 1 What is the measurement? 200 + 70 + 2.1 = 272.1 grams

Example 2 What is the measurement? 100 + 30 + 5.7 = 135.7 grams

Example 3 What is the measurement? 0 + 60 + 2.4 = 62.4 grams

Weight is the downward pull on an objects mass due to gravity What is weight? Weight is the downward pull on an objects mass due to gravity Measured in Newtons (N) Use a spring scale to measure the weight

What is weight?

Mass and weight are not the same!!! Weight = mass X gravity Mass cannot change! (how much matter inside object) Weight can change! (pull of gravity on mass of object)

What is the weight of a 15 kg box? Weight = mass X gravity gravity on Earth = 9.8 Weight = (15 kg) x (9.8) Weight = 147N 15 kg

What is the weight of a 15 kg on the Moon? Weight = mass X gravity gravity on Moon = 1.6 Weight = (15 kg) x (1.6) Weight = 24N 15 kg

What is Volume??? Volume is the amount of space an object takes up All objects take up space, so all objects have volume The way to measure the volume depends on the shape of that object

How to measure Volume??? For a liquid, use a graduated cylinder. The units will be milliliter (mL)

How to read a graduated cylinder Graduated cylinder must be on flat surface Keep eyes at the level of the liquid Read the meniscus – curve at the bottom of the measured line of the liquid

What is this measurement? 53 mL Example 1

What is this measurement? Example 2 What is this measurement? 36 mL

How to read a graduated cylinder

How to measure Volume??? For a “true” solid, use the equation: Volume = length x width x height Units will me cubic centimeter (cm3)

What is this measurement? V = l x w x h V = 5cm x 8cm x 2cm V = 80 cm3 Example 1 What is this measurement? V = l x w x h V = 5cm x 8cm x 2cm V = 80 cm3

What is this measurement? V = l x w x h V = 6cm x 4cm x 7cm Example 2 What is this measurement? V = l x w x h V = 6cm x 4cm x 7cm V = 168 cm3

What is this measurement? V = l x w x h V = 12cm x 4cm x 3cm Example 3 What is this measurement? V = l x w x h V = 12cm x 4cm x 3cm V = 144 cm3

How to measure Volume??? For an “irregular” solid, use displacement Displacement – the difference in the measure of a graduated cylinder; how far the liquid rises Units will me milliliter (mL)

What is this measurement? New measurement – original Example 1 What is this measurement? New measurement – original 60.5 mL – 50.0 mL = 10.5mL

What is this measurement? 22.80 mL – 16.45 mL = 6.3 mL Example 2 What is this measurement? 22.80 mL – 16.45 mL = 6.3 mL

What is this measurement? 100 mL – 80 mL 20 mL Example 2 What is this measurement? 100 mL – 80 mL 20 mL

1.2 matter is made of atoms

Atoms are the smallest, basic unit on matter. What is an atom? Atoms are the smallest, basic unit on matter. They are the building blocks that create matter. Atoms are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope

What is a molecule? When 2 or more atoms bond together they form a molecule. Molecules can be made of two of the same kind of atoms or two different kinds of atoms

Example: water molecule (2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom) What is a molecule? Example: water molecule (2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom)

Example: oxygen molecule (2 oxygen atoms ) What is a molecule? Example: oxygen molecule (2 oxygen atoms )

What is a molecule? A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance If you break a molecule down you end up with an atom. Molecules can be made of different numbers of atoms Molecules made of the same type of atom but a different number create a different substance.

Atoms and Molecule movement Atoms and molecules are always in motion. In liquid objects the motion is easy to observe In solid objects the motion is not noticeable Example: How does food coloring spread in a class of water? Motion of the water molecules.

Atoms and Molecule movement Example: How does food coloring spread in a class of water? Motion of the water molecules. Atoms and Molecule movement