A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen.

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Presentation transcript:

A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

2 A. Frank Computer Organization point of view Computer Processor ControlInput OutputDatapath Memory assembler/compiler Interface

3 A. Frank Basic Memory Hierarchies External Memory Hierarchy External Memory Hierarchy Internal Memory Hierarchy Internal Memory Hierarchy תת-מדרג זיכרון פנימי תת-מדרג זיכרון חיצוני מדרג זיכרון כולל

4 A. Frank Migration of item A from disk to register

5 A. Frank General Memory Hierarchy

6 A. Frank 1. זמן גישה Access Time – זמן גישה ליחידה מעינה (Addressable unit). יחידות זמן : שנייה second - s מילי - שנייה millisecond - ms ( s) מיקרו - שנייה microsecond - us( s ) ננו - שנייה nanosecond - ns ( s ) זמן גישה הוא ביחס הפוך למהירות (Speed) וביצועים. Evaluation criteria for memory technologies (1)

7 A. Frank 2. קיבולת Capacity - נפח / גודל הזיכרון של היחידה. יחידות קיבולת : בית byte - B, סיבית bit - b קילובית kilobyte - KB(2 10 B) מגהבית megabyte - MB(2 20 B) גיגהבית gigabyte - GB(2 30 B) טרהבית terabyte - TB(2 40 B) Evaluation criteria for memory technologies (2)

8 A. Frank 3. עלות ליחידת זיכרון Cost per unit - מחיר יחידת זיכרון, לדוגמא : /MB $, IS/Kb Evaluation criteria for memory technologies (3) ככל שהזיכרון מהיר יותר, הוא יקר יותר ובעל קיבולת נמוכה יותר.

9 A. Frank Basic Structure of Memory Hierarchy speedcapacitycost fastestMemorysmallesthighest Memory slowestMemorylargest lowest CPU

10 A. Frank Parameter directions in memory hierarchy

11 A. Frank Usual four levels of storage

12 A. Frank Example Internal Memory levels Registers Cache Main Memory Extended Memory Speed Cost Access Time Capacity אוגרים מכמן (מטמון) זיכרון עיקרי זיכרון מורחב

13 A. Frank Example External Memory Levels Electronic disks Cache-full disks Cache-less disks Optical disks | Tapes Speed Cost Access Time Capacity דיסקים אלקטרוניים (SCD) דיסקים עם מכמן דיסקים ללא מכמן דיסקים אופטיים סרטים

14 Joint Memory Hierarchy Registers Cache Main Memory Disk Cache Magnetic Disk Magnetic TapeOptical Disk

15 A. Frank A classical computer system with typical hierarchy control CPU output input cache Main memory Main memory Mass storage Archival memory Archival memory Primary memory Secondary memory Auxiliary memory Memory hierarchy Access time Cost Permanency Reversibility

16 A. Frank Different view of memory hierarchy (1)

17 A. Frank Different view of memory hierarchy (2)