Jefferson’s presidency ( )

Major Campaign Issues What are the issues?

Electoral Tie! Jefferson-Burr receive 73 votes each House of Representatives decides Presidency- Hamilton supports Jefferson Burr is elected Vice- President

12 th Amendment 1800 Election demonstrated the inadequacy of the Constitution Proposed the separate balloting of president and vice-president

Washington, D.C Pierre L’Enfant, a French architect, designed the layout of the city He fought in the American Revolution He, along with Washington, designed the White House

District of Columbia Adams was the first to move in, 1800 Jefferson first full-term president to live in the White House The territory of Columbia was named such after Christopher Columbus.

Jefferson’s Inaugural Address “Peace, commerce and friendship with all nations, and entangling alliances with none” Jefferson rode his own horse to the inauguration to prove he was different.

Jeffersonian Democracy Goals -liberty -equality -strong local government -reduce national debt -agriculture based economy -expand U.S. territory -anti-war Reality

Events Leading to the Louisiana Purchase 1800 Spain gives France (Napoleon) back the Louisiana territory 1803-Napoleon loses interest in American empire Spanish officials closed the port of New Orleans to Americans Jefferson feared the threat of an imperial power and possible trade restrictions on the Mississippi Jefferson sends ministers to France to purchase New Orleans and West Florida – they ended up with the entire territory

Constitutional Question

Lewis and Clark Expedition

John Marshall Secretary of State under John Adams Midnight judge – Supreme Court Chief Justice

Marbury v. Madison

Aaron Burr Not re-elected – plotted against Jefferson with his party “Quids” Federal Conspiracy Burr planned to win governorship of New York and unite 5 New England states to form a Northern Confederacy Burr was defeated in New York conspiracy failed upon Burr’s defeat Burr angered by Hamilton’s remarks – they duel- Hamilton dies

Aaron Burr (cont.) Burr leaves after Hamilton’s death goes to New Orleans Burr conspires with Gen. Wilkinson – either to establish an independent republic or seizure of territory in Spanish America Tried for treason – not guilty – ruined his career and reputation

Jefferson’s Second Term Difficulties Abroad Challenges to U.S. Neutrality Britain and France regularly seize the ships of neutral nations and confiscate cargo – chief offender Britain Britain is capturing American sailors and impressing (forcing) them to serve in British navy

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair British ship Leopard fired on U.S. ship Chesapeake Anti-British sentiment HIGH

Embargo Act 1807 Reaction to French and British violations of neutrality Prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port

Jefferson’s Presidential Record First Term Reduced the size of federal government, repealed excise taxes, lowered the national debt by a third Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the country Second Term Foreign affairs preoccupied Jefferson - Napoleonic wars -attempted to avoid a policy of either appeasement or war by the use of economic pressure –which was a failure

Non-Intercourse Act 1809 Jefferson repeals Embargo Act U.S. ships can now trade with all nations except Britain and France President can authorize trade with Britain or France when they cease violating neutrality rights

Jefferson leaves office – continues precedent set by Washington James Madison will be his successor in the “Virginia dynasty”