1485 To 1660

 Means…  Refers to…  Associated with… “Rebirth” Intellectual & Artistic energies Greek & Roman civilizations Renaissance

The start of the Renaissance is typically associated with … Italy

Renaissance Writing  Francesco Petrarcha  Italian scholar  “Father of Humanism”  Poet (Petrarchan Sonnet)

Renaissance Writing  Giovanni Boccaccio  Author & poet  Friend of Petrarch  Humanist  Wrote the Decameron

Renaissance Painting Giotto di Bondone Painter Architect

Renaissance Architecture FFilippo Brunelleschi AArchitect EEngineer… domes BBuilt in Florence

Renaissance Sculpture… Donatello ( Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi)  Sculptor...bas relief

Renaissance Humanism  Philosophy that centered around cultural and educational reform.  It developed during the fourteenth and turn-of-the fifteenth centuries, and was a response to the challenge of Medieval scholastic education, which emphasized practical, pre-professional and scientific studies.  Rather than train professionals in jargon and strict practice, humanists sought to create a citizenry (including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity. Thus, they would be capable of better engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions.

Italian statesman and (unofficial) ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance.  Known as Lorenzo the Magnificent  diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets.  Lived during the height of the Italian Renaissance. Lorenzo de’ Medici

Famous Faces of the Day Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo

The War of the Roses House of York House of Lancaster Two houses fighting over the throne of England. Henry VII Begins the Tudor Dynasty Kills the present King (Richard III) at Bosworth Field, then unites both houses by marrying Elizabeth of York.

Tudor Dynasty & the Renaissance  Crowned King in 1509  Inspired by Europe  Wanted Enlightenment  Renaissance Prince Henry VIII

Corruption of the Catholic Church  Martin Luther Protestant Reformation  95 Theses - laid out the abuses of the Catholic Church and its clergy - nailed to door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany

Henry VIII Battle with the Catholic Church  Defender of the Faith—Devout Catholic King Reasons for the Separation with Rome:  Political reason for being part of The Reformation.  Wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon (daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain)  Needed a male heir

The Battle with Rome cont.  Pope refuses the divorce  Henry disobeys the church  Declares himself as… Head of the Church of England (the Anglican church) Church & State are Now the same entity.

Long-Range Consequences…  England was forced to be dependent on itself (no one in Europe would support them now.)  Many people refused to accept Henry as Head of the Church of England.  Henry killed many people who opposed him. It was a political necessity.

Leader of the Renaissance… Sir Thomas More:  Counselor to Henry VIII  Lord Chancellor  Lawyer, humanist, statesman.  Executed as a traitor  Sainted by both the Catholic & Anglican churches. No one was safe from Henry VIII’s drive for power & authority

Henry VIII’s children… Edward VI  Jane Seymour was his mother (3 rd wife)  King at 9 yrs old  Very sickly child  16 when he died of turberculosis.

Mary Tudor  Daughter of Catherine of Aragon (1 st wife)  Ruled from 1553 – 1558  She Re-established Catholicism during her reign of terror.  Burned heretics  “Bloody Mary”  Married Phillip II of Spain (her cousin)

Elizabeth I The Elizabethan Age  Daughter of Anne Boleyn  Ruled from 1558 – 1603  Established the English Protestant church & was Supreme Governor.  The “Virgin Queen”  The Golden Age of England

The Elizabethan Age: Literature Pastoral Poetry …set in the countryside, with shepherds & shepherdesses; concerns love, & is typically song-like

Shakespeare… Sonnets (154) Drama (37)

Shakespearean Spenserian Petrarchan Sidney ababcdcdefefggababcdcdefefgg Sonnet Forms: ababbcbccdcdeeababbcbccdcdee abbaabbacdecdeabbaabbacdecde ababababcdcdeeababababcdcdee