(Modern Classical music) 20th Century (Modern Classical music) 20th Century

Impressionist music Impressionism is a term borrowed from painting. vague and hazy outlines. Debussy wrote L'Apres-midi d'un Faune in 1894 his first “impressionist” work A reaction to the late romantic German style. 20th Century

Impressionist Chords are used for their expressive “colour” The usual laws of harmony are suspended Discords and sounds are allowed to merge (e.g. using the sustaining pedal in piano pieces) 20th Century

Impressionist Flowing streams of Parallel Chords -7ths,11ths, and 13ths 20th Century

Impressionist Debussy uses: Pentatonic scale MODES - Scales that are neither major or minor but ancient or non western collections of notes with different patterns of tones and semitones. Ostinato –repeated patterns (like riffs) in the accompaniment Programme Music- “evokes” or “suggests” a picture or a scene 20th Century

Impressionist Debussy uses: Genie Scale WHOLE New World Debussy uses: WHOLE TONE SCALE the intervals between each of the notes is a tone, whereas in major and minor scales the intervals are a mixture of tones and semitones 20th Century

Impressionism Debussy's Impressionist pieces include: La Mer Nocturnes Images Other composers wrote in an impressionist style e.g. Respighi -Pines of Rome De Falla -Gardens of Spain 20th Century

Syncopation and complex rhythms to make the music sound improvised. Jazz influences As well as folk influences some composers experimented with jazz and Blues in their compositions. They used: The blues Scale. Syncopation and complex rhythms to make the music sound improvised. Jazz instruments added to the orchestra - MUTED brass, saxophones etc. Jazz effects - GLISSANDO- sliding between notes. 20th Century

Examples of Jazz influences in 20th Century music include: George Gershwin - Rhapsody in Blue 20th Century

Rhapsody in Blue The Orchestra used borrowed certain Jazzy Features such as: Syncopation Clarinet Glissando Banjo Jazz Chords Trumpets played with Wah wah mutes Blues scale 20th Century

The prominence of the piano makes the piece more like a piano concerto 20th Century

Rhapsody in Blue 20th Century

20th Century features Irregular metre: changing time signatures or unusual time signatures CROSS RHYTHMS playing conflicting rhythms against each other to create excitement Smaller orchestra using percussion and wind instruments more than the more lush and expressive strings. 20th Century

The music can often sound angry or disturbing What else makes the music sound like it was written in the 20th Century? Abrupt modulations Deliberate wrong notes/ Discords and note clusters (where the notes are close together rather than evenly spaced as they are in a chord) The music can often sound angry or disturbing 20th Century

Piano used as part of the orchestra lots of percussion unusual instruments Instruments played in unusual ways: COL LEGNO - string instruments played with the back of the bow FLUTTER TONGUING - rolled "rrr.." sound while playing wind instruments. MUTED on string instruments but particularly on Brass instruments where the timbre is made thinner and more metallic sounding. 20th Century

20th century Atonal music Schoenberg and his pupils Webern and Berg are a group of composers working in Vienna at the turn of the Century who are sometimes called the Second Viennese school In his early music Schoenberg wrote in the expressive late romantic style. As the music became increasingly chromatic it ultimately became ATONAL, rejecting key or tonal centre 20th Century

20th century Atonal music the 12 notes of the chromatic scale are laid out in a random order and called a theme They can be developed by ; reversing them (retrograde) Turning them upside down (Inversion) Both, (Retrograde inversion) Any music that sounds deliberately ugly or “random” is probably from the 20th century 20th Century

20th Century Atonal ALEATORIC or Chance-choice music Uses unpredictability as part of composition or performing process improvisation eg players choose when and/or what to play All about experimenting (like performance art) 20th Century

More recent modern music MINIMALIST. many repeated patterns repeated sections, deceptively complicated, cross rhythms, polyrhythms polytonality.( two different keys at the same time) composers: Philip Glass and Steve Reich 20th Century

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20th Century